Zhou, L., Li, J.H., & Cai, R.X. 2002 Bionomics of Coccophagus yoshidae Nakayama (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).. Acta Entomologica Sinica 45(6): 851-855.

Notes: Coccophagus yoshidae is an important parasitic wasp of Chloropulvinaria polygonata. The parasitic wasp has 6-7 generations per year in Yaan, China and overwinters as young larvae and pupae in the 2nd and 3rd instar larvae of its host. The thermal threshold and thermal sum for development are 8.40 deg C and 453.09 day-degrees, respectively. The mean generation times at 18, 21, 24, 27 and 30 deg C were 44.60, 38.27, 30.83, 23.73 and 20.73 days, respectively. The adult wasp sucks host body fluid for its complementary nutrition. The parasite is thelyotokous. Maximum emergence occurred at 8.00-12.00 everyday, between the third and the sixth day. The longevity and offspring number per adult wasp were related to temperature and complementary nutrition. The wasp prefers to lay eggs first on adult females and then on the 2nd, 3rd instar larvae of its host.