Viggiani, G., & Zhao, W.D. 1995 La cocciniglia latero-cerosa dell'olmo. [European elm scale].. Informatore Agrario 51: 43; 82-84.

Notes: Gossyparia spuria is an eriococcid that normally infests only plants of the genus Ulmus, although it can also be found on ash [Fraxinus], hazel [Corylus] and alder [Alnus]. Besides weakening the tree by feeding, the pest produces abundant honeydew which favours the development of fungi. The morphology, biology, and natural enemies of the pest are described from studies conducted in Italy in 1989-92. Its most important parasitoid was found to be the aphelinid Coccophagus gossypariae; rates of parasitism could exceed 30-40% in April to July.