Sitz, R.A., Peirce, E., Al-Akeel, R., Schreiner, M., Burns, W., & Cranshaw, W.S. 2025 Managing European elm scale in the period of neonicotinoid insecticide resistance. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2025.004
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Notes: This paper (1) outlines how insecticide resistance was likely established in Colorado, (2) documents neonicotinoid resistance in this plant parasite by showing scale insects feeding on trees with high levels of imidacloprid insecticides, and (3) explores alternative control options that will be integral to maintaining American elms as part of the urban landscape in western states: i.e., acephate, azadirachtin, buprofezin with and without horticultural oil, and pyriproxyfen with and without horticultural oil.
