Pataki, E. 1975 Observations on the moulting of aphids, scales and mealybugs.. Acta Phytopathologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 10: 141-151.

Notes: Dysmicoccus brevipes, Pseudococcus adonidum and Quadraspidiotus perniciosus; protractor and retractor muscles play the most important role in moving the bristles and inserting them into the host plants.