Moran, V.C., Gunn, B.H., & Walter, G.H. 1982 Wind dispersal and settling of first-instar crawlers of the cochineal insect Dactylopius austrinus (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Dactylopiidae).. Ecological Entomology 7: 409-419.

Notes: D. austrinus acts as biological control agent on Opuntia aurantica; discusses length of wind dispersal with males and females; most crawlers settled on cladodes that were dehydrated and preferred cladodes in shade to those in the sun.