Manichote, P., & Middlekauff, W.W. 1967 Life history studies of the cactus mealybug Spilococcus cactearum McKenzie (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae).. Hilgardia 37: 639-660.

Notes: Describes all stages; first description of adult male; discusses chromosome studies, reproduction, sex ratio, and mating behavior; life history; injury; parasite.