Liang, T., Ai, S.J., Zhang, Q.X., Chen, H.M., Tuo, H.T., & Li, Z.G. 1999 [Study on the biological characteristics of scales, their dominant natural enemies and control on pear trees in Xinjiang.]. China Fruits (No. 2): 29-30.

Notes: Six species of scales, the most important of which were Quadraspidotus perniciosus and Parlatoria oleae, and two dominant natural enemies, Chilocorus geminus and Aphytis proclia, were recorded in pear orchards in Xinjiang, China. Besides applying winter pruning and using the natural enemies to kill the scales, the most effective chemical method was spraying a 200x solution of detergent at the end of February and spraying a 25x mixed solution of 2 kg water + 0.5 kg wheat flour + 200 g soap and + 200 g petroleum during the vegetative period.