Kunkel, H. 1973 [Defecation of aphids (Aphidina, Hemiptera) influenced by ants.] Die Kotabgabe der Aphiden (Aphidina, Hemiptera) unter Einfluss von Ameisen.. Bonner Zoologische Beiträge 24: 105-121.

Notes: Scale species mentioned include Pseudococcus maritimus, Ripersia sp., Rhodania porifera, Pseudococcus brevipes, Physokermes sp., Eulecanium coryli, Sphaerolecanium prunastri and Kermes quercus.