Jönsson, A.M. 1998 Bark lesions on beech (Fagus sylvatica) and their relation to epiphytes and site variables in Scania, south Sweden.. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 13: 297-305.

Notes: Beech bark lesions, and the most common lichen and fungal epiphytes on beech (Fagus sylvatica) stems were studied at 48 sites in Scania, south Sweden. The bark lesions can be caused by beech bark disease (the result of an interaction between the beech scale, Cryptococcus fagisuga, the fungal pathogen Nectria coccinea var. faginata) and temperature damage, and are manifested by necrotic spots and slime flux. Different site variables and the influence of nitrogen deposition were investigated on lesion occurrence.