Hodges, G.S., Ruter, J.M., & Braman, S.K. 2003 Florida wax scale damage on Ilex species, hybrids, and cultivars.. Holly Society Journal 21(2): 3-12.

Notes: An evaluation was conducted in Georgia, USA, during 29-31 July 1998 and 11-12 February 1999 to identify the potential resistance among holly selections to Florida wax scale (Ceroplastes floridensis; FWS) infestation. A total of 231 selections representing species, hybrids and cultivars of Ilex were evaluated. Two generations of FWS were observed in 1998 at the holly field collection in Tifton, Georgia. The first generation emerged in early spring and the second generation in autumn (November). Population ratings were calculated for each of 18 Ilex taxa.