Hashimoto, A., Hirotani, A., Mukai, K., & Kitaoka, S. 1971 Studies on the lipids of scale insects. XVII. Wax ester composition of 10 species of scale insects (Note).. Nippon Nogei Kagaku Kaishi 45:; 100-109.

Notes: The composition of the wax esters isolated from 10 species (5 families) of scale insects was investigated. The wax ester contents in the total lipids varied widely among the species (6 to 40%). The native wax esters were analyzed directly by gas-liquid chromatography using 5% OV-1 as liquid phase. From 9 to 22 peaks with 30 to 68 carbon numbers were resolved. The alcohol and acid components of the wax esters were identified and determined. Both contained overwhelmingly saturated straight-chain more than 20 in carbon number, in all samples examined. Scale species include Cerococcus muratae, Drosicha sp., Lecanium cerosarum, L. corni, L. horii, Lecaniodiaspis quercus, Phenacoccus pergandei, Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, Pulvinaria sp. and Unaspis euonymi.