Gutierrez-Coarite, R., Mollinedo, J., Cho, A., & Wright, M.G. 2018 Canopy management of macadamia trees and understory plant diversification to reduce macadamia felted coccid (Eriococcus ironsidei) populations. Crop Protection 113: 75–83

Keywords:

ecology

mechanical control

natural enemies

Notes: The macadamia felted coccid, Eriococcus ironsidei Williams, is an invasive pest in Hawaii that causes severe damage and yield losses in macadamia nuts. Developing integrated pest management options including effective conservation biological control is essential. The role of canopy modification and understory habitat in enhancing natural enemy effectiveness to reduce E. ironsidei populations was investigated.