Gugliuzzo, A., Mazzeo, G., Mansour, R., & Tropea Garzia, G. 2019 Carob pests in the Mediterranean region: bio-ecology, natural enemies and management options. Phytoparasitica doi.org/10.1007/s12600-019-00766-7

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distribution

host

Notes: Scale insects are often present in very small numbers on carob trees, as consequence of both the effective action of natural enemies and plant resistance that causes high mortality of the crawlers . Thirty-seven polyphagous scale insects species have been recorded on carob in the world and among these, thirty-one occur in the Mediterranean region