Goszczynski, W., & Golan, K. 2011 Scale insects on ornamental plants in confined spaces. Aphids and other Hemipterous Insects 17:107-119

Notes: Very favourable conditions for development of hemipteran insects representing the suborder Sternorrhyncha and the superfamily Coccoidea, can be found in public utility buildings, where ornamental plants are kept for decoration. Initially, the small, individual larvae on such plants usually pass unnoticed, but in the course of several months the numbers of scale insects grow and the leaves of plants yellow and, finally, are shed. The research was carried in the years 2002-2007 in public utility buildings in Lublin, Warsaw and greenhouses of the Botanical Garden of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin. Insect material for study was collected from pot plants and plants growing in containers and in soil, representing various ornamental plants. In the course of the study of ornamental plants from public utility buildings in Lublin and Warsaw 6 scale insect species were identified, representing such families as Pseudococcidae: Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813), Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn, 1900) and Coccidae: Saissetia oleae (Oilivier, 1791), Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852), Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758. These scale insect species are among the most numerous and the most dangerous scales encountered in Polish greenhouses. An efficient method of eliminating scale insects from public utility buildings seems to be the biological method, since no chemicals can be applied on such buildings.