Gertsson, C.-A., & Isacsson, G. 2014 The Hungarian Spruce Scale, Physokermes inopinatus Danzig & Kozár (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Coccidae) in Sweden. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica Suppl. 6: 83-86
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Notes: The presence of the Hungarian Spruce Scale, Physokermes inopinatus Danzig & Kozár has been confirmed for the first time in a southern province of Sweden in 2010. It developed large populations and infested several mid- and late rotation stands of even-aged Norway spruce (Picea abies). Large amounts of honeydew resulted in much sooty mold and defoliation. Several areas were severely damaged. The damage was already detected in satellite data in 2009, the year before the damage were actually noted in the field. During the autumn of 2010 and in the spring of 2011, the infestation came to an end (apparently due to a population collapse).
