Chapin, E.A. 1925 Food habits of the vireos: a family of insectivorous birds.. Department Bulletin (U.S. Department of Agriculture) No. 1355: 1-44.

Notes: Scale insects consumed by this bird include Lecanium caryae, L. pruinosum, L. corni, Eulecanium sp., Neolecanium sp., Kermes kingii, Pulvinaria vitis, Toumeyella liriodendri and Saissetia oleae.