Beglyarov, G.A., & Smetnik, A.I. 1977 Seasonal colonization of entomophages in the U.S.S.R.. Biological Control by Augmentation of Natural Enemies: Insect and Mite Control with Parasites and Predators. Plenum Press New York 480 pp.

Notes: [Proceedings of a symposium held at the Fifteenth International Congress of Entomology, Washington, D.C., August 19-27, 1976, and other selected papers.] Cryptolaemus montrouzieri was brought into the USSR from Egypt to control mealybugs and soft scales. In practice it is most often used against the grape mealybug, as well as against citrus mealybug, maritime mealybug, cottony scale (Pulvinaria aurantii and Icerya purchasi. The predators beetle Lindorus lophantae was introduced from Italy for control of diaspid scales and raised on Aspidiotus nerii. Chilocorus reinpustulatus and C. bipustulatus reduce the population of San Jose scale on the Black Sea coast. Rodolia cardinalis was imported from Egypt to the Abkhazian where it reduces populations of Icerya. Prospaltella perniciosi and Aphytis proclia parasitize Quadraspidiotus perniciosus. Coccophagus gurneyi parasitizes the citrus mealybug. Chrysopa carnea fees on Pseudococcus comstocki. Winter hardiness can be a problem with these predators.