Barnes, M.M., Wargo, M.J., & Marín, A. 1969 Studies on the biology of Margarodes vitium, a ground pearl (Homoptera: Margarodidae) on roots of grapevines.. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 62(5): 1032-1035.

Notes: The ground pearl, Margarodes vitium (Giard) is the chief pest of grapevines in the central grape-growing region of Chile. The roots of grapevines in many vineyards in this region are heavily infested, and damage is quite extensive. Vertical distribution in soil and the emergence of adult females from cysts are discussed.