Valid Names Results

Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834) (Coccidae: Sphaerolecanium)

Nomenclatural History

Coccus persicae rotundus Goeze 1778: 344. nomen dubium Notes: In WilliaBe2009, p.36
Chermes amygdali Fourcroy 1785: 228. nomen dubium Notes: FavretOvWi2014, p. 69
Coccus prunastri Boyer de Fonscolombe 1834: 211. Type data: FRANCE: Var, Saint-Zacharie, on prune tree.. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Type material lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
Lecanium blanchardii Targioni Tozzetti 1868: 731. replacement name that is unjustified
Lecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Signoret 1874a: 423. change of combination
Lecanium (Eulecanium) prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Cockerell 1896b: 332. change of combination
Eulecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Fernald 1903b: 193. change of combination
Sphaerolecanium prunastri (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Šulc 1908. change of combination
Eulecanium piligerum Leonardi 1918: 195. Type data: ITALY: Altamura, on prune.. Syntypes, both sexes, by subsequent designation Type depository: Portici: Dipartimento de Entomologia e Zoologia Agraria di Portici, Universita di Napoli Federico II, Italy; junior synonym (discovered by Silves1920a, 503).
Lecanium (Sphaerolecanium) prunastri; Šulc 1932: 78. subsequent use
Spheralecanium prunastri; Tschorbadjiew 1939: 89. misspelling of genus name
Sphaeroleconium prunastri; Yousefi, et al. 2018. misspelling of genus name
Sphorelecanic prunastri; Saleh, et al. 2019. misspelling of genus name
Shpaerolecanium prunastri; Japoshvili, et al. 2020: 63. misspelling of genus name
Sphaerolecanium prunasti (Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1834); Szklarzewicz, et al. 2021: 1. misspelling of species epithet

Common Names

globose scale KosztaKo1988F Stimme1984a
plum Lecanium KosztaKo1988F
Plum scale GavrilWa2022
Blackthorn scale GavrilWa2022
cocciniglia emisferica del susino GavrilWa2022
escama blanda globosa del ciruelo GavrilWa2022
Kleine runde Napfschildlaus GavrilWa2022
lécanie du prunier GavrilWa2022
slivovaya lozhnoschitovka GavrilWa2022
olxo‘ri soxtaqalqondori SobiroZoQa2024

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 5 | Genera: 10

Aizoaceae

Carpobrotus edulis | KfirRo1980 | (= Mesembryanthemum edule)

Moraceae

Ficus carica | PellizPoSe2011

Poaceae

Elymus repens | KozarDr1993

Rhamnaceae

Rhamnus dahuricus | Bodenh1944b

Rosaceae

Armeniaca | TerGri1956
Malus domestica | KozarKoAk1979 | (= Pyrus malus)
Malus sylvestris | KozarKoAk1979
Prunus | Hodgso1994a KotejaZa1983 KozarKoAk1979 KozarOs1987 Moghad2013a TerGri1956
Prunus amygdalus | KozarPaPa1991 TerGri1956 | (= Amygdalus communis) (= Persica)
Prunus armeniaca | DeveliMuKa2018 LinghuLuWa2023
Prunus avium | Argyri1983
Prunus cerasifera | Argyri1983 ArgyriPa1976 BenDov2012 Kozar1983a KozarKoAk1979 | including ssp. pissardii
Prunus cocomilia | BenDov1971 | (= Prunus ursina)
Prunus divaricata | BatsanKaKi2017 Hadzib1983
Prunus domestica | GomezM1958 GomezM1958b GomezM1960O Kozar1980 KozarSu1979 Marott1987
Prunus dulcis | Argyri1983 PellizPoSe2011
Prunus persica | ArgyriPa1976 Kanda1950 Kozar1981 KozarDr1988 KozarKoAk1979 KozarOrKo1977 Marott1987 TerGri1962 UygunSeEr1998 | (= Persica vulgaris)
Prunus salicina | BenDov1968
Prunus scoparia | Moghad2013a
Prunus spinosa | KotejaZa1966 KotejaZa1969 KotejaZa1983 Kozar1980 KozarDr1993 KozarTzVi1979 KozarWa1985 Marott1987 TerGri1962 ZakOgaKo1964
Pyrus communis | KozarKoAk1979
Rosaceae | ArgyriPa1976 TerGri1962
Rubus | Moghad2013a

Foes:

Families: 8 | Genera: 20

Microterys iranicus | FallahJa2017 | (= Agropyron repens)

Aphelinidae

Aphytis chrysomphali | YousefVaEb2018
Coccophagus differens | Japosh2001
Coccophagus lycimnia | DemiroKaJa2005 Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008 Potaev1992
Coccophagus proximus | Japosh2001
Coccophagus spartanus | JaposhAyKa2008
Marietta picta | Japosh2001
Pteroptrix maritima | DervisStMi2024

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus bipustulatus | Ulgent2001
Coccinella septempunctata | DemiroKaJa2005
Exochomus quadripustulatus | DemiroKaJa2005 Ulgent2001
Harmonia axyridis | DervisDrGr2024

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus fodori minor | Ulgent2001

Encyrtidae

Blastothrix longipennis | Ulgent2001
Blastothrix sericea | FallahJa2017
Cerapterocerus mirabilis | DemiroKaJa2005 Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008 Potaev1992
Cheiloneurus claviger | FallahJa2017
Discodes aeneus | Balach1930e | (= Phaenodiscus aeneus)
Discodes coccophagus | DemiroKaJa2005 Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008 Potaev1992
Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012
Encyrtus infidus | FallahJa2017
Metaphycus insidiosus | DervisStMi2024
Metaphycus melanostomatus | DervisStMi2024
Metaphycus punctipes | FallahJa2017
Metaphycus silvestrii | Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008
Metaphycus zebratus | DervisStMi2024
Microterys | Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008 Potaev1992
Microterys cuprinus | FallahJa2017
Microterys darevskii | YousefVaEb2018
Microterys hortulanus | SalehBaAl2019

Eulophidae

Aprostocetus trjapitzini | JaposhAyKa2008 Ulgent2001

Noctuidae

Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022

Pteromalidae

Pachyneuron muscarum | DemiroKaJa2005 Japosh2001 JaposhAyKa2008

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 38

Armenia | TerGri1956 TerGri1962

Austria | BenDov1993

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan SSR | BenDov1993

Balearic Islands

Majorca | GomezM1958 GomezM1958b GomezM1960O

Belgium | Malump2016

Bulgaria | KozarTzVi1979 NachevGr1987 Tschor1939

China | Tang1991

Gansu (=Kansu) | GavrilWa2022
Hebei (=Hopei) | GavrilWa2022
Henan (=Honan) | GavrilWa2022
Shanxi (=Shansi) | Tang1991
Xinjiang Uygur (=Sinkiang) | LiangAiZh1999

Crete | ArgyriPa1976 PellizPoSe2011

Croatia | Masten2007

Czech Republic | Kozar1987

France | BenDov1993 FoldiGe2018

Georgia (Republic of) | Japosh2001

Germany | BenDov1993 SchmutHo2016

Greece | Argyri1983 ArgyriPa1976 Kozar1985 Kozar1987 KozarPaPa1991

Hungary | Kozar1980 Kozar1987 Kozar1991 KozarDr1988 KozarDr1993 KozarOrKo1977 KozarSu1979 KozarWa1986

Iran | Bodenh1944b Kaussa1957 KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2009

Israel | BenDov1968 BenDov1993 KfirRo1980

Italy | Marott1987

Kazakhstan | GavrilWa2022

Kyrgyzstan (=Kirgizia) | GavrilWa2022

Lebanon | GavrilWa2022

Moldova | KozarOs1987

Poland | KotejaZa1966 KotejaZa1969 KotejaZa1983 LagowsKo1996 ZakOgaKo1964

Romania | Kozar1985 Savesc1982

Russia

Voronoezh Oblast | Gavril2003a

Sardinia | Marott1987

Serbia | GavrilWa2022

Slovenia | Seljak2010

South Korea | ESKSAE1994

Spain | GomezM1960O

Switzerland | KozarGuBa1994

Syria | SalehBaAl2019

Turkey | DemiroKaJa2005 KaydanUlEr2007 Kozar1987 KozarKoAk1979 KozarYaKo1982 UygunSeEr1998

Turkmenistan | Potaev1992 Potaev1993

Ukraine | BenDov1993

Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | Kaweck1968
Odessa Oblast | Kaweck1968

United States

Maryland | Hodgso1994a Koszta1996
New Jersey | Koszta1996
New York | Koszta1996
Pennsylvania | Koszta1996 Stimme1984a

Uzbekistan | BenDov1993

Yugoslavia | Kozar1983a

Keys

DuroviSpUl2024: pp.490-491 ( Adult (F) First instar Second instar (F) Second instar (M) ) [Eulecaniinae in Ankara]
DuroviUl2021: pp.992 ( Life Stages ) [Instars and Adults of Plum Lecaniium]
Hodgso2020: pp.221-223 ( Adult (M) ) [Coccidae species]
Koszta1996: pp.324 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastren North America]

Remarks

Systematics: The describer of this species was incorrectly cited in most pre-2000 publications as "Fonscolombe". The correct name is "Boyer de Fonscolombe".
Chermes amygdali Fourcroy 1758:228 was given as a junior synonym of S. prunastri Boyer do Fonscolombe 1834 in Favret, Ouvrard & Williams, 2014. This is considered a "subjective status."
Structure: See colour photograph in Kosztarab & Kozar (1988). Mature adult female hemispherical, dark brown to almost black, shiny and very finely punctate, 3.0–3.5 mm long, 2.7–3.2 mm wide. Antennae each 6–8-segmented. Anal cleft shallow, around 1/5–1/6 of body length. Anal plates together quadrate. Legs short in comparison with body size. slide-mounted adult female. Adult female with preopercular pores abundant in a broad band anterior to anal plates, each pore large, round and densely sclerotized; this band of preopercular pores, intermixed with long fine setae, is unique to S. prunastri. (Gavrilov & Watson, 2022)
Biology: Life history and geographical distribution by Kawecki (1968). Develops one annual generation in Europe (Kawecki, 1968; Kosztarab & Kozar, 1988), Italy (Silvestri 1919a, 1920a), Greece (Argyriou & Paloukis, 1976; Paloukis, 1979)) Israel (Ben-Dov, 1968).
Economic Importance: Natural enemies in Europe by Silvestri (1919a, 1920a), Kosztarab & Kozar (1988), Israel (Ben-Dov (1968). Sphaerolecanium prunastriis an important stone fruit pest n Greece, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Armenia and several other countries in Central and Eastern Europe. It is an important pest of stone fruits, especially plum and peach, and can completely encrust branches, causing stunting, branch desiccation and occasionally plant death. (Gavrilov-Zimin & Watson, 2022)
General Remarks: Good description and illustration of adult female by Kosztarab & Kozar (1988), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a), and by Kosztarab (1996). Good description and illustration of adult male by Giliomee (1967). Good description and illustration of first instar nymph and third instar nymph by Ben-Dov (1968). Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all instar nymphs in Durović and Ülgentürk, 2022

Illustrations

Citations

AlShamQu2024: natural enemies, 2
Argyri1983: distribution, host, 365
ArgyriPa1976: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 230-239
AyazUlOz2015: distribution,
Babaia1987: distribution, economic importance, host, 134
Balach1930e: biological control, distribution, host, 220
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 256
BenDov1968: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 615-621
BenDov1971: distribution, host, 31
BenDov1993: catalog, 322-323
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 28, 43
Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 89
Bodenh1953a: distribution, host, 104
Bolu2012: biological control, 110, 111
Borchs1950b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 148
Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 323-330
Boyerd1834: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 211
Buchne1965: structure, taxonomy, 235
BugajNJuKa2021: distribution, host, list, 297
CamachCh2015: distribution, host, 9, 13
CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 217
CiftciBo2021: distribution, host, 238
Cocker1896b: distribution, host, 332
Cocker1901c: taxonomy, 92
Danzig1972: distribution, host, 206
DavoodTaRa2004a: biological control, 887-899
DemiroKaJa2005: biological control, distribution, host, 223-230
DervisDrGr2024: biological control, natural enemies, 255-256
DervisStGr2021: natural enemies, 2
DervisStMi2024: natural enemies, 3,19,20,21,22,23,24,25
DervisStMi2024: diagnosis, key,
DeveliMuKa2018: distribution, host, taxonomy, 9
DuroviUl2021: description, illustration, key, nymph,
Dziedz1988: distribution, host, 96
ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 112
FallahJa2017: distribution, natural enemies, 7, 8, 9, 11, 13, 21, 22, 33
FavretOuWi2014: taxonomy, 69
Fernal1903b: catalog, 193
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 9
Fourcr1785: taxonomy, 69
GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
Gavril2003a: distribution, host, 113
Gavril2018: reproduction, 231
GavrilWa2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 338-340
Giliom1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 74-77
GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
Goeze1778: taxonomy, 344
GomezM1958: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 27-34
GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 92-101
GomezM1960O: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 190-196
Gupta1988: biological control,
Hadzib1983: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 131-132
Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 547-549
Hodgso2020: key, 222
Japosh2001: distribution, host, 2001
JaposhAyKa2008: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 339-344
JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 63
JohnsoLy1988: distribution, economic importance, host,
Kanda1950: distribution, host, 35
Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 2
Kaweck1936: distribution, host, 323
Kaweck1957: distribution, host, 194-195
Kaweck1968: distribution, host, life history, 689-693
KaydanKo2010: distribution, host, 216-219
KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 93
KfirRo1980: biological control, distribution, host, 118-119
Kiritc1928: distribution, host, 113
Kiritc1931: distribution, host, 317-318
Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 267
Kiritc1936: distribution, host, 71
Kiritc1940: distribution, host, life history, 119
Kohler2009a: distribution, host, 25
KohlerEi2005: distribution, host, 164
KohlerEi2006: distribution, host, 15
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 13
Koszta1996: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 388-390
KosztaKo1978: distribution, host, taxonomy, 128
KosztaKo1988F: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 254-256
Koteja1974a: structure, taxonomy, 249
Koteja1974b: structure, taxonomy, 79
Koteja2000a: distribution, host, 172
KotejaPyVo2003: structure, taxonomy, 253
KotejaZa1966: distribution, host, 326
KotejaZa1969: distribution, host, 367
KotejaZa1983: distribution, host, 480
Kozar1970: distribution, host, 1-24
Kozar1976a: distribution, economic importance, host, 35-47
Kozar1979a: distribution, economic importance, host, 135
Kozar1980: distribution, host, 68
Kozar1983a: distribution, host, 147
Kozar1985: distribution, host, 203
Kozar1987: distribution, host, 100
Kozar1989: distribution, economic importance, host, 176-177
Kozar1991: distribution, host, 82
Kozar1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 317
Kozar1999a: distribution, host, 140
KozarDr1988: distribution, host, 208
KozarDr1993: distribution, host, 75
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
KozarGuBa1994: distribution, host, 155
KozarKiSa2004: distribution, 59
KozarKoAk1979: distribution, economic importance, host, 535-542
KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 53
KozarOrKo1977: distribution, host, 73
KozarOs1987: distribution, host, 93
KozarPaPa1991: distribution, host, 65
KozarSu1979: distribution, host, 236
KozarSzFe2013: distribution, list of species, 83, 96, 112, 131, 148, 168, 187
KozarTzVi1979: distribution, host, 131
KozarVi1978: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 391-402
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 79
KozarWa1986: distribution, host, 116
KozarYaKo1982: biological control, distribution, host, 383-388
Kozarz1992: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 83-86
Lagows1986a: distribution, host, 175
Lagows1987a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 131-144
Lagows1998a: distribution, host, 63-71
LagowsGo2020: distribution, 68
LagowsKo1996: distribution, host, 32
Leonar1918: distribution, host, taxonomy, 194-197
Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 502-512
LinghuLuWa2023: host,
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 124
MakoKiSo1988: chemical control, distribution, host, 162-165
Malump2016: distribution, host, 245-251
Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 111
Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 77
Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
Matvie1983: chemical control, distribution, host, 25
Melis1930: distribution, host, 15
MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, 518
MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, 518
MillerWi1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 352-353
Moghad2009: distribution, host, 12
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 14
Moglan1995a: biological control, distribution, host, 143-156
NachevGr1987: distribution, host, 81-86
OzturkUlEr2004: distribution, host, 5
PalandOg1989: economic importance, life history, structure, 781-783
Palouk1979: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 105-111
PaloukNa1996a: control, life history, 719
Paoli1915: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 250-251
Peleka1962: distribution, host, 61
Pelliz2011: distribution, 311
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,69
PellizPoSe2011: distribution, 292
PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 294,297
PettitMc1920: distribution, host, 16
Podsia1981: biological control, 153-158
Podsia1983a: biological control, distribution, host, 273
Potaev1992: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 92-94
Potaev1993: distribution, host, 35,38
Rehace1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 47-48
RzaevaYa1985: biological control, distribution, host, 55-58
SalehBaAl2019: natural enemies,
Sander1909: distribution, host, 446
Savesc1961: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 43-44
Savesc1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 279-282
Schmut1952: distribution, host, life history, 552-553
Schmut1972a: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 418
Schmut1980: distribution, host, 50
SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, 47, 87
Seljak2010: distribution, host, 106
Signor1869: catalog, taxonomy, 845,867
Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 423-424
Silves1919a: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 70-126
Silves1920a: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 501-514
Simon2012: description, host, illustration, physiology, taxonomy, 269-281
SimonKa2011: distribution, 239
SobiroQaTu2024: distribution, molecular biology, phylogeny,
SobiroZoQa2024: distribution, host, 130
Soroki1973: biological control, 599-609
Stalaz2021: distribution, host, 453, 461
Stimme1984a: control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 15-16
Suh2020: distribution, host, 17
Sulc1908: distribution, 36
Sulc1912: distribution, host, 34
Sulc1932: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 78-82
SzklarMiGr2021: endosymbiont,
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 142-144
Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 66
Teodor2018: distribution, history, 41
TerGri1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 39-40
TerGri1962: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 135-136
Terezn1963: distribution, host, 183
Terezn1963a: distribution, host, 52
Terezn1963b: distribution, host, 154
Terezn1966: distribution, host, 29-30
Terezn1981: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 192-195
TranfaVi1987a: distribution, economic importance, host, 215-221
Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 244-245
TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
Tschor1939: distribution, host, 89
Ulgent2001: biological control, distribution, host, 369-375
Ulgent2001a: biological control, distribution, host, 145-149
UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S118
UlgentTo2001: distribution, host, 213-217
UygunSeEr1998: distribution, host, 183-191
Walker1852: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1084
Willia2015: taxonomy, 578, 581
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 213
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 36,38
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 170,171,180,191
YigitTu2020: distribution, economic importance, host,
YousefVaEb2018: natural enemies,
YuliZhWe2021: control, diagnosis,
Zaitse1984: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 54-55
ZakOgaKo1964: distribution, host, 428-429
ZhangWaDe2024: biological control, natural enemies,