Valid Names Results
Rhizoecus cacticans (Hambleton, 1946) (Rhizoecidae: Rhizoecus)Nomenclatural History
- Ripersiella cacticans Hambleton 1946: 64. Type data: ECUADOR: Cayambe, on Holcus lanatus. Holotype, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Rhizoecus cacticans (Hambleton, 1946); Ferris 1953a: 432. change of combination
- Rhizoecus epiphylli Ferris 1953a: 442. Type data: U.S.A.: California, Ontario, on Epiphyllum sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Sacramento: California State Collection of Arthropods, California Dept. Food & Agriculture, California, USA; junior synonym (discovered by McKenz1960, 745). Illustr.
- Rhizoecus leucosomus; Gonzalez & Charlin 1968: 112. misidentification
Common Names
- cacticans mealybug McKenz1967
- Cochinilla hipogea de los pastos KondoRaCa2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 28 | Genera: 59
- Acanthaceae
- Strobilanthes reptans | JansenAl2023
- Aizoaceae
- Aloinopsis schooneesii | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Mesembryanthemum | BenDov1994 Hamble1973
- Apocynaceae
- Huernia leachii | GoszczGo2011
- Nerium oleander | JansenAl2023
- Stapelia grandiflora | GoszczGo2011
- Asparagaceae
- Agave | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Asphodelaceae
- Aloe | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Aloe vera | JansenAl2023
- Haworthia | BenDov1994
- Asteraceae
- Delairea odorata | BenDov1994 | (= Senecio mikanioides
- Kleinia | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Senecio | BenDov1994 LongoMaRu1989 MazzeoSuRu2008
- Begoniaceae
- Begonia | JansenAl2023
- Boraginaceae
- Ehretia | JansenAl2023
- Bromeliaceae
- Guzmania lingulata | JansenAl2023 | var. minor
- Lutheria splendens | BenDov1994 KozarzRe1975
- Vriesea | JansenAl2023
- Cactaceae
- Cereus | JansenAl2023
- Cleistocactus icosagonus | BenDov1994 KozarzRe1975 | (= Binghamia humboldtii)
- Echinocactus | BenDov1994 Marott1987a
- Echinopsis | BenDov1994 Marott1987a | (= Trichocereus)
- Echinopsis aurea | BenDov1994 Hamble1946 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992 | (= Lobivia shaferi)
- Epiphyllum | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 | (= Phyllocactus)
- Lophophora williamsii | JansenAl2023
- Mammillaria | BenDov1994 Hamble1946 Marott1987a Willia1962
- Mammillaria longimamma | JansenAl2023
- Mammillaria prolifera | BenDov1994 Marott1987a | ssp. multiceps)
- Opuntia | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Parodia | BenDov1994 Marott1987a | (= Notocactus)
- Schlumbergera | BenDov1994 Marott1987a | (= Zygocactus)
- Thelocactus setispinus | BenDov1994 McKenz1967 | (= Hamatocactus setispinus)
- Crassulaceae
- Aeonium arboreum | BenDov1994 KozarzRe1975
- Crassula perforata | JansenAl2023
- Dudleya farinosa | BenDov1994 Hamble1976
- Echeveria | BenDov1994 Marott1987a McKenz1967
- Kalanchoe tomentosa | BenDov1994
- Sempervivum tectorum | JansenAl2023
- Cyperaceae
- Cyperus rotundus | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Euphorbiaceae
- Euphorbia | JansenAl2023
- Fabaceae
- Caesalpinia pulcherrima | BenDov1994 KozarzRe1975
- Geraniaceae
- Pelargonium | BenDov1994
- Gesneriaceae
- Saintpaulia ionantha | BenDov1994 Willia1985i
- Streptocarpus | JansenAl2023
- Haloragaceae
- Myriophyllum | JansenAl2023
- Lamiaceae
- Oxera brevicalyx | MilleHeCa2016
- Salvia | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Salvia personata | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Malvaceae
- Corchorus neocaledonicus | MilleHeCa2016
- Myrtaceae
- Eugenia myrcianthes | BenDov1994 KozarzRe1975 | (= Hexachlamys edulis)
- Nyctaginaceae
- Boerhavia diffusa | MilleHeCa2016
- Piperaceae
- Peperomia stolonifera | BenDov1994 CarnerPe1986
- Plantaginaceae
- Veronica | JansenAl2023
- Poaceae
- Bromus catharticus | BenDov1994 Hamble1946 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992 | (= Bromus unioloides)
- Distichlis spicata | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Eleusine indica | BenDov1994
- Festuca | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Holcus lanatus | BenDov1994 Hamble1946
- Lolium perenne | BenDov1994 Hamble1946 McKenz1967 WilliaGr1992
- Rosaceae
- Fragaria | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Pyracantha | JansenAl2023
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Urticaceae
- Soleirolia soleirolii | JansenAl2023
- Vitaceae
- Vitis vinifera | JansenAl2023
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 1
- Blattabacteriaceae
- Candidatus Brownia rhizoecola | ChoiLe2022
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 26
- Argentina | BenDov1994 Hamble1976 WilliaGr1992
- Australia
- South Australia | BenDov1994 Willia1985
- Bolivia | KaydanKoKo2019
- Canary Islands | BenDov1994 CarnerPe1986 MatileOr2001
- Chile | BenDov1994 Hamble1976 WilliaGr1992
- Colombia | BenDov1994 Kondo2001 WilliaGr1992
- Czech Republic | BenDov1994 Zahrad1990
- Denmark | BenDov1994 KozarzRe1975 KozarzRe1977
- Ecuador | BenDov1994 Hamble1946 WilliaGr1992
- France | KozarKo2007
- Germany | BenDov1994 Hamble1946
- Greece | KozarKo2007
- Guatemala | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Honduras | BenDov1994 Hamble1976
- Hungary | KozarKo2007
- Italy | MazzeoSuRu2008
- Netherlands | KozarKo2007
- New Caledonia | MilleHeCa2016
- Norway | KozarKo2007
- Peru | BenDov1994 WilliaGr1992
- Poland | BenDov1994 Dziedz1990 Granar1991
- Portugal | JansenAl2023
- Russia
- Moscow Oblast | DanzigGa2009
- St. Petersburg (=Leningrad) Oblast | DanzigGa2009
- Suriname | JansenAl2023
- United Kingdom
- England | BenDov1994 Willia1962
- Wales | WilliaMa2012
- United States
- California | BenDov1994 McKenz1967
- Florida | BenDov1994 Hamble1973
Keys
- MazzeoPeMa2023: pp.7-8 ( Adult (F) ) [Rhizoecidae recorded or intercepted in Italy]
- KaydanKoKo2019: pp.3-4 ( Adult (F) ) [Neotropical Rhizoecus species]
- Tanaka2016: pp.119, 121 ( Adult (F) ) [Identification key to Japanese Rhizoecidae species]
- RamosPCa2016: pp.61-66 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of the genus Rhizoecus known from Colombia]
- JansenWe2015: pp.12, 16 ( Adult (F) ) [Subterranean mealybugs of The Netherlands]
- Hodgso2012: pp.49-50 ( Adult (M) ) [Key to the adult males of Rhizoecinae seen during this study:]
- DanzigGa2009: pp.243 ( Adult (F) ) [Russia]
- KozarKo2007: pp.132-137 ( Adult (F) ) [world]
- Jansen2003: pp.300 ( Adult (F) ) [Netherlands]
- Marott1995: pp.120 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
- RussoMa1992: pp.218 ( Adult (F) ) [Italy]
- Tang1992: pp.54 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- WilliaGr1992: pp.498 ( Adult (F) ) [Central and South America]
- Willia1987a: pp.191 ( Adult (F) ) [Australia]
- Willia1985: pp.353 ( Adult (F) ) [Australia]
- Willia1985i: pp.624 ( Adult (F) ) [species of Rhizoecus on Saintpaulia spp.]
- Hamble1979: pp.149 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., Florida]
- Hamble1976: pp.10 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- Hamble1973: pp.64 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., Florida]
- McKenz1967: pp.371 ( Adult (F) ) [U.S.A., California]
- McKenz1962: pp.671 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Willia1962: pp.43 ( Adult (F) ) []
- McKenz1961: pp.42 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- McKenz1960: pp.742 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Ferris1953a: pp.427 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Hamble1946: pp.61 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
Remarks
- Systematics: The adult males of Rh. cacticans are typical rhizoecine males, differing from those of other species seen here in having the following combination of character states: (i) tarsal digitules probably capitate, (ii) antennae long, with some segments bottle-shaped and most setae appearing to be in whorls, (iii) trochanter with 3 pairs of campaniform pores; (iv) trochanter with strong Y-shaped sclerotisations; (v) aedeagus broadening at apex, and (vi) shape and structure of the penial sheath, particularly the ventral internal extension. (Hodgson, 2012)
- Structure: Colour photograph given by McKenzie (1967). SEM micrograph of wax secretion given by Foldi (1991). The adult males of Rh. cacticans are typical rhizoecine males, differing from those of other species seen here in having the following combination of character states: (i) tarsal digitules probably capitate, (ii) antennae long, with some segments bottle-shaped and most setae appearing to be in whorls, (iii) trochanter with 3 pairs of campaniform pores; (iv) trochanter with strong Y-shaped sclerotisations; (v) aedeagus broadening at apex, and (vi) shape and structure of the penial sheath, particularly the ventral internal extension.
- Biology: Occurring on the roots of the host plants.
- Economic Importance: This species may cause extensive damage in greenhouses at temperate regions (Dziedzicka, 1990; Zahradník, 1990). It species has been recorded as a pest in Colombia associated with coffee plants in their earliest development stage (until the second year) and at the first stage after cutting the trunk at its base for tree renovation. (Ramos-Portilla & Caballero in T. Kondo & G.W. Watson, 2022)
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Ferris (1953a), McKenzie (1967), Hambleton (1976), Zahradník (1990), Williams & Granara de Willink (1992), Kozár & Konczné Benedicty (2007) and by Danzig & Gavrilov (2009).
Illustrations
Citations
- BenDov1994: catalog, 446-447
- CarnerPe1986: distribution, host, 60
- ChoiLe2022: endosymbiont, phylogeny, 358,359
- DanzigGa2009: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 225-228
- DarvasVi1983: chemical control, 455-463
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 119
- Dziedz1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 36-38
- Ferris1953a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 432-433, 442-443
- Foldi1991: structure, 163-188
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, list, 13
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 226
- GoszczGo2011: distribution, host, 111-112
- Hamble1946: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63-66
- Hamble1973: distribution, host, taxonomy, 65
- Hamble1976: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 17-18, 65
- HardyGuHo2008: molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 51-71
- Hodgso2012: description, host, structure, taxonomy, 18-21
- Jansen2003: key, taxonomy, 300
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 31,36
- JansenWe2015: distribution, key, 16
- JaszaiDa1983: chemical control, 198-202
- KaydanKoKo2019: distribution, key, 3-4
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 39
- KondoRaCa2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 122-123
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 25
- KozarKo2007: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 168-170
- KozarzRe1975: distribution, host, 13-14
- KozarzRe1977: distribution, host, 377
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 71
- LongoMaRu1989: distribution, host, taxonomy, 173
- Marott1987a: distribution, host, 112
- MatileOr2001: distribution, host, 196
- MazzeoLoPe2014: distribution, 58
- MazzeoPeMa2023: key, 8
- MazzeoSuRu2008: distribution, host, 149-152
- McKenz1960: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 745-
- McKenz1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 379-381
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, host, 152
- Montan2010: chemical control, host, illustration, 232-234
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 64,72
- RamosPCa2016: key, 55
- RamosPCaKo2014: distribution, 29
- RussoMa1997: distribution, 51
- Tanaka2016: key, taxonomy, 119,121
- Tang1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 57
- TranfaPeMa1985: distribution, host, 123-124
- Willia1962: distribution, host, 43
- Willia1985: distribution, host, taxonomy, 353
- Willia1985i: distribution, host, 622
- WilliaGr1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 509-511
- WilliaMa2012: distribution, illustration, 84, 85, 87
- Zahrad1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 41-42
