Valid Names Results
Pulvinaria kuwacola Kuwana, 1907 (Coccidae: Pulvinaria)Nomenclatural History
- Pulvinaria kuwacola Kuwana 1907: 188. Type data: JAPAN: on mulberry.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan; accepted valid name
- Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden 1946: 7. Type data: U.S.A.: California, San Mateo, on Hydrangea hortensis.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by TanakaKa2021b, 63). Notes: No type material in USNM (Dug Miller, personal communication, 5.2.2002) nor in UCDC.
- Pulvinaria fujisana Kanda 1960: 121. Type data: JAPAN: Honshu, Shizuoka Prefecture, at foot of Mt. Fuji, on Prunus indica, P. donarium and P. donarium var. spontanea. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Yokohama: S. Kanda Collection, Asano Senior High School, Kanagawa-ku, Japan; junior synonym (discovered by TanakaKa2021b, 63).
- Eupulvinaria hydrangeae (Steinweden, 1946); Canard 1965a: 411. change of combination
- Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden, 1946; Ben-Dov 1993: 265. revived combination (previously published)
- Pulvinaria kuwakola Kuwana, 1907; Choi i& Lee 2019: 7. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- cottony hydrangea scale Gill1988 HamonWi1984
- Azisai-wata-kaigaramushi KondoWaGa2022a
- cochinilla blanda algodonosa de la hortensia KondoWaGa2022a
- Hortensienwollschildlaus KondoWaGa2022a
- pulvinaria del tiglio e dell’ortensia KondoGaWa2022a
- wollige dopluis KondoWaGa2022a
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 33 | Genera: 61
- Actinidiaceae
- Actinidia arguta | Parasc2023
- Actinidia chinensis | SalisbMa2017
- Adoxaceae
- Viburnum odoratissimum | TakahaTa1956
- Viburnum opulus | SalisbMa2017
- Anacardiaceae
- Rhus | SalisbMa2017
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | Parasc2023
- Ilex aquifolium | Parasc2023
- Araliaceae
- Aralia elata | SalisbMa2017
- Betulaceae
- Carpinus betulus | Gertso2016
- Corylus | SalisbMa2017
- Bignoniaceae
- Catalpa bignonioides | Gertso2016
- Cannabaceae
- Celtis australis | Canard1965
- Celtis sinensis | MartinLa2011
- Caprifoliaceae
- Lonicera caprifolium | SalisbMa2017
- Celastraceae
- Celastrus | SalisbMa2017
- Euonymus | SalisbMa2017
- Cicadellidae
- Hortensia | Parasc2023
- Cornaceae
- Cornus | TakahaTa1956
- Cornus mas | Parasc2023
- Cornus sanguinea | Canard1965
- Diervillaceae
- Weigela | SalisbMa2017
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros kaki | Canard1965 Marott1987 Pelliz1976
- Euphorbiaceae
- Mallotus japonicus | TakahaTa1956
- Fabaceae
- Sophora | SuhSo2017
- Fagaceae
- Castanea sativa | Parasc2023
- Fagus sylvatica | Gertso2016
- Quercus robur | Gertso2016
- Hydrangeaceae
- Deutzia | Marott1987 Pelliz1976
- Hydrangea | HodgsoHe2000 KozarGuBa1994 QinGu1992
- Hydrangea macrophylla | Canard1965 Marott1987 Steinw1946 TakahaTa1956 | (= Hydrangea hortensis)
- Juglandaceae
- Pterocarya | SalisbMa2017
- Lamiaceae
- Callicarpa | JansenAl2023
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia | Takaha1956 Gertso2016
- Malvaceae
- Abutilon | SalisbMa2017
- Reevesia thyrsoidea | MartinLa2011
- Tilia | Marott1987
- Tilia cordata | Parasc2023
- Tilia platyphyllos | Canard1965 Marott1987 Pelliz1976
- Tilia tomentosa | Parasc2023
- Tilia vulgaris | Canard1965
- Tilia x europaea | DemchyMiLo2023
- Moraceae
- Broussonetia papyrifera | SalisbMa2017
- Ficus | BenDov2013
- Morus alba | Canard1965 Kuwana1907
- Morus indica | Parasc2023 | (= Morus australis)
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus excelsior | Gertso2016
- Ligustrum ovalifolium | DemchyMiLo2023
- Platanaceae
- Platanus acerifolia | Canard1965
- Platanus hybrida | Canard1965
- Platanus orientalis | DemchyMiLo2023
- Polygonaceae
- Rheum | Parasc2023
- Rosaceae
- Amelanchier | SalisbMa2017
- Amelanchier lamarckii | Parasc2023 | (= Amelanchier confusa)
- Chaenomeles japonica | Parasc2023
- Cotoneaster | SalisbMa2017
- Crataegus | Canard1965 Marott1987 Pelliz1976
- Malus | SalisbMa2017
- Photinia | SalisbMa2017
- Prunus | QinGu1992 | (= Maddenia)
- Prunus avium | HodgsoHe2000
- Prunus incisa | Kanda1960
- Prunus serrulata | HodgsoHe2000 Kanda1960 DemchyMiLo2023 | (= Prunus donarium)(= Prunus indica),(= Cerasus serrulata)
- Prunus yedoensis | TakahaTa1956
- Pyracantha | SalisbMa2017
- Pyrus | SalisbMa2017
- Rosa | SalisbMa2017
- Rubus | SalisbMa2017
- Sorbus aria | Gertso2016
- Sorbus aucuparia | Gertso2016
- Sorbus intermedia | Parasc2023
- xPyronia | SalisbMa2017
- Rutaceae
- Euodia | SalisbMa2017
- Phellodendron | SalisbMa2017
- Tetradium | SalisbMa2017
- Salicaceae
- Populus | SalisbMa2017
- Salix | SalisbMa2017
- Sapindaceae
- Acer campestre | Canard1965
- Acer monspessulanum | Canard1965
- Acer negundo | KozarGuBa1994 Marott1987 Pelliz1976
- Acer palmatum | Parasc2023
- Acer platanoides | Marott1987 Pelliz1976
- Acer pseudoplatanus | Canard1965 Parasc2023
- Aesculus | Parasc2023
- Aesculus hippocastanum | Gertso2016
- Aesculus pavia | Parasc2023
- Styracaceae
- Halesia | SalisbMa2017
- Pterostyrax | SalisbMa2017
- Taxaceae
- Taxus baccata | KozarGuBa1994
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus | SalisbMa2017
- Zelkova | SalisbMa2017
Foes:
Families: 8 | Genera: 14
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus lycimnia | DervisStMi2024
- Coccophagus shillongensis | DervisStGr2021 DervisStMi2024
- Chamaemyiidae
- Leucopis silesiaca | Parasc2023
- Leucopomyia silesiaca | DervisDrGr2024
- Coccinellidae
- Adalia bipunctata | Jansen2000
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | DervisDrGr2024
- Coccinella septempunctata | DervisDrGr2024
- Exochomus | Jansen2000
- Exochomus quadripustulatus | Parasc2023
- Harmonia axyridis | DervisDrGr2024
- Hippodamia variegata | DervisDrGr2024
- Cordycipitaceae
- Lecanicillium lecanii | Parasc2023 | (= Verticillium lecanii)
- Encyrtidae
- Prochiloneurus nagasakiensis | Tachik1956f | (= Achrysopophagus nagasakiensis)
- Heterorhabditidae
- Heterorhabditis bacteriophora | GrujicGrNj2021
- Pteromalidae
- Eunotus obscurus | DervisStMi2024
- Steinernematidae
- Steinernema carpocapsae | GrujicGrNj2021 Parasc2023
- Steinernema feltiae | GrujicGrNj2021
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 26
- Australia
- New South Wales | QinGu1992
- Austria | MatrahKo2008
- Belgium | BenDov1993
- Bulgaria | SalisbMa2017 TrenchTo2014
- Canary Islands | BenDov2013
- China | CaoFe2020
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Croatia | MastenIvSi2009
- France | Germai2011
- Germany | Schmut2000
- Hungary | KozarKoFe2013 KozarSe2001
- Italy | Marott1987
- Japan | Kuwana1917 | Kawai1980
- Luxembourg | GertssSc2020
- Netherlands | SalisbMa2017
- New Zealand | HodgsoHe2000
- Poland | LagowsGo2020
- Romania | Parasc2023
- Serbia | DervisStGr2021 SalisbMa2017
- Slovakia | SalisbMa2017
- Slovenia | Seljak2001 Seljak2008 Seljak2010
- South Korea | ChoiLe2017a
- Sweden | SalisbMa2017
- Switzerland | KozarGuBa1994
- Ukraine
- Zakarpat'ye (=Transcarpathia) Oblast | DemchyMiLo2023
- United Kingdom
- England | MalumpBa2012
- Scotland | SalisbMa2017
- Wales | SalisbMa2017
- United States
- California | Steinw1946
- Florida | HamonWi1984
- Massachusetts | Koszta1996
- New York | Koszta1996
- Virginia | Koszta1996
Keys
- TanakaKa2022a: pp.447-448 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria species in Japan]
- CaoFe2020: pp.233-234 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in China] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- CaoFe2020: pp.233-234 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in China]
- Lagows2020: pp.202 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in Poland] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- ChoiLe2017a: pp.93 ( Adult (F) ) [Pulvinaria in Korea] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- HodgsoHe2000: pp.212 ( Adult (F) ) [New zealand] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- Koszta1996: pp.375 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- Tang1991: pp.252 ( Adult (F) ) [China] Key as: Pulvinaria fujisana
- Tang1991: pp.234 ( Adult (F) ) [China] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- Tang1991: pp.252 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- Gill1988: pp.85 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- HamonWi1984: pp.87 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- Kawai1980: pp.154 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan] Key as: Pulvinaria fujisana
- Kawai1980: pp.148-150 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
- Kawai1980: pp.148-150 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- WilliaKo1972: pp.119 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Virginia] Key as: Pulvinaria hydrangeae
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae A, Pulvinarini (Choi & Lee, 2019) Diagnostic characters include: marginal setae spine-like, some with frimbriate apices; dorsal submarginal tubercles absent; ventral submarginal short-tubular duct band continuous anteriorly around the head; and subdiscal seta present on each anal plate. (Salisbury & Malumphy, 2017) This species can be distinguished from P. photiniae by the following combination of characters (character states of P. photiniae in parenthesis): (i) dorsal tubular ducts scarcely distributed on dorsum and are fewer in number than the number of dorsal microducts (dorsal tubular ducts frequently present on dorsum) and (ii) multilocular discpores each with mainly 7 loculi (multilocular disc-pores each with mainly 8 loculi). (Choi & Lee, 2017)
- Structure: See colour photograph in Kawai (1980, Figs. 6.34 a,b, 6.33 a,b) and Hodgson & Henderson (2000). Females are ovoid to circular, yellow or brown and 3 to 5 mm. long (Gill, 1988). Body elongate oval. Dorsum of mature adult female yellow or light brown in color, slightly covered with white coiled wax. Body strongly lifted by white ovisac secreted from abdomen. Ovisac about two or three times as long as body. Eggs reddish yellow in color and stored in ovisac. (Choi & Lee, 2017) Eggs are laid in a mass of waxy fibers which are convex, elongate, slightly expanding, with broad shallow grooves. (Salisbury & Malumphy, 2017)
- Biology: Pellizzari (1976) recorded one annual generation in Italy. Nur (1963) studied the meiotic parthenogenesis of this species. Females are primarily found on the underside of leaves of their host plants, but also occur on the apical stems, especially at high densities. (Salisbury & Malumphy, 2017)
- Economic Importance: A noxious urban pest in Bruxelles region (Tondeur et al., 1990). In Florida and California, it is not considered economically important, whereas in Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy and Slovenia it has become a serious pest of cultivated plants in urban environments. (Salisbury & Malumphy, 2017)
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Kuwana (1907). Description and illustration of adult female by Hammon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Kosztarab (1996) and by Hodgson & Henderson (2000).
Illustrations
Citations
- AhmedMi2018a: distribution,
- BenDov1993: catalog, 263,265-266,268
- BenDov2013: distribution, host, 72
- Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 250,252
- Brooke1964: distribution, host, taxonomy, 17
- CamachCh2015: distribution, ecology, host, 8, 13
- Canard1965: distribution, host, 170
- Canard1965a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 411-419
- Canard1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 457-460
- CaoFe2020: key, 233
- ChoiLe2017a: description, diagnosis, distribution, illustration, key,
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- Deitz1979b: distribution, taxonomy, 25
- DemchyMiLo2023: biology, distribution, host, illustration,
- DervisDrGr2024: biological control, natural enemies, 253-257
- DervisStGr2021: distribution, host, 1
- DervisStMi2024: natural enemies, 3,19,20,25
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
- Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
- Gertso2016: distribution, host, 152
- GertssSc2020: distribution, host, 133
- Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 85,88,97
- GrujicGrNj2021: biological control, natural enemies,
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 98-100
- HechtSt1970: life history,
- HerricSe1999: taxonomy, 41-71
- HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 212,214,217-218
- Jansen2000: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 2-6
- Jansen2001: distribution, host, 197-206
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 32
- Kanda1960: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 121
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 15-16
- Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 154,155
- Koehle2016: diagnosis, distribution, 109-118
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 12
- KondoWaGa2022a: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 320-321
- Koszta1996: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 375,381-382
- KozarGuBa1994: distribution, host, 154
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 52
- KozarSe2001: distribution, economic importance, host, 441-444
- KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 77,78
- Kuwana1907: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 188-189
- Kuwana1917: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 43-44
- Lagows2020: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, key, life cycle,
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 68, 71
- LagowsGoMi2018: distribution, 371
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 123
- Lozzia1985: distribution, host, 122-124
- MalumpBa2012: distribution, economic importance, host, 23,38,40
- Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 103
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 36
- MastenIvSi2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 267-278
- MatrahKo2008: distribution, host, 155
- MoraalJa2011: climate change, distribution, ecology, economic importance, 50-61
- Nur1963: structure, taxonomy, 123-139
- Parasc2023: control, dispersal, distribution, host, illustration,
- Pelliz1976a: distribution, host, 59-67
- Pelliz1987: distribution, host, 120
- QinGu1992: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 129-132
- SalisbMa2017: biological control, biology, chemical control, description, distribution, host, illustration, importance, life cycle, 145-153
- Schmut2000: distribution, host, 167
- SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, illustration, 36, 84
- Seljak2001: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 337-343
- Seljak2008: distribution, host, 121-127
- Seljak2010: distribution, host, 104
- Steinw1946: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 7,20
- Suh2020: distribution, host, 22
- Tachik1956f: biological control, distribution, host, 146
- Takaha1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 23-25
- TakahaTa1956: distribution, host, 6
- TanakaKa2021b: description, diagnosis, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63-67
- TanakaKa2022a: key, 448
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 127
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 236-237,258-259,261-262
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 64
- TondeuScVe1990: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 157-158
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 69
- White1970: life history, 237-262
- WilliaKo1972: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 141-145
