Valid Names Results

Pseudaulacaspis prunicola prunicola (Maskell, 1895) (Diaspididae: Pseudaulacaspis)

Nomenclatural History

Chionaspis prunicola Maskell 1895b: 49. Type data: UNITED STATES: Hawaii, on "Japanese plum," by Mr. Koebele. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
Diaspis amygdali rubra Maskell 1898: 228. Type data: JAPAN: on Orixa japonica, by Mr. Koebele. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by DavidsMiNa1983, 757). Notes: Maskell's 1898 type series contained two species. The material from Ceylon are misidentifications of Pseudaulacaspis barberi. The material from Japan is a junior synonym of P. prunicola (Davidson et al., 1983).
Diaspis auranticolor Cockerell 1899i: 106-107. Type data: JAPAN: quarantined in San Francisco, on Osmanthus illicifolia, 03/02/1899, by A. Craw. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Kawai1980, 276).
Aulacaspis auranticolor (Cockerell, 1899); Cockerell 1902d: 59. change of combination
Howardia prunicola (Maskell, 1895); Kirkaldy 1902: 112. change of combination
Aulacaspis pentagona auranticolor (Cockerell, 1899); Fernald 1903b: 235. change in status (level)
Aulacaspis pentagona rubra (Maskell, 1898); Fernald 1903b: 235. change of combination
Diaspis amygdali theae Maskell, 1898; Fernald 1903b: 235. Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; change of combination
Pseudaulacaspis pentagona auranticolor (Cockerell, 1899); MacGillivray 1921: 315. change of combination
Diaspis rubra Maskell, 1898; Scott 1952: 35. change of combination
Pseudaulacaspis auranticolor (Cockerell, 1899); Scott 1952: 35. change of combination

Common Names

white prunicola scale DavidsMiNa1983
escama blanca falsa del durazno BerryWaTa2022
ume-shiro-kaigaramushi BerryWaTa2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 18 | Genera: 27

Apocynaceae

Nerium | MillerDa2005

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex | MillerDa2005

Betulaceae

Alnus | MillerDa2005

Bignoniaceae

Catalpa | MillerDa2005

Buxaceae

Buxus | MillerDa2005

Cannabaceae

Celtis | MillerDa2005

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita | MillerDa2005

Ericaceae

Rhododendron | MillerDa2005

Euphorbiaceae

Croton | MillerDa2005

Garryaceae

Aucuba | MillerDa2005

Magnoliaceae

Magnolia | MillerDa2005

Malvaceae

Firmiana simplex | LeeLeSe2024

Myrtaceae

Eugenia | Maskel1897a

Oleaceae

Forsythia | MillerDa2005
Fraxinus | MillerDa2005
Jasminum | BatsanKaKi2017
Ligustrum | DavidsMiNa1983 MillerDa2005
Osmanthus | Fernal1903b MillerDa2005
Osmanthus heterophyllus | Cocker1899i Fernal1903b | (= Osmanthus aquifolium) (= Osmanthus ilicifolius)
Syringa | DavidsMiNa1983 MillerDa2005
Syringa reticulata | NormarOkMo2019

Rosaceae

Cerasus jamasakura | LuDeNi2023
Malus | MillerDa2005
Prunus | DavidsMiNa1983 MillerDa2005
Prunus avium | BatsanKaKi2017
Prunus cerasus | BatsanKaKi2017
Prunus davidiana | LuDeNi2023
Prunus domestica | BatsanKaKi2017
Prunus mume | BerryWaTa2022
Prunus persica | BatsanKaKi2017
Prunus sargentii | JansenAl2023
Prunus serrulata | DavidsMiNa1983
Pyrus | Suh2016

Rutaceae

Orixa japonica | Maskel1898

Salicaceae

Populus | MillerDa2005
Salix | MillerDa2005

Sapindaceae

Acer | MillerDa2005

Foes:

Families: 4 | Genera: 5

Aphelinidae

Aphytis diaspidis | BerryWaTa2022
Encarsia berlesei | BerryWaTa2022

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus kuwanae | BerryWaTa2022

Cybocephalidae

Cybocephalus nipponicus | LeeLeSe2024

Encyrtidae

Arrhenophagus albitibiae | BerryWaTa2022

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 9

China | DavidsMiNa1983

Henan (=Honan) | Wu1999b

Georgia (Republic of) | BatsanKaKi2017

Hawaiian Islands | Maskel1895b

India | BerryWaTa2022

Japan | Cocker1899i

Hokkaido | BerryWaTa2022
Honshu | NormarOkMo2019 UchidaMuWa2021
Kyushu | BerryWaTa2022
Okinawa | BerryWaTa2022
Shikoku | BerryWaTa2022

Netherlands | JansenAl2023

South Korea | DavidsMiNa1983 ESKSAE1994

Taiwan | DavidsMiNa1983

United States

Alabama | DavidsMiNa1983
California | DavidsMiNa1983 Fernal1903b
Connecticut | DavidsMiNa1983
District of Columbia | DavidsMiNa1983
Florida | DavidsMiNa1983
Louisiana | DavidsMiNa1983
Maryland | DavidsMiNa1983
Massachusetts | DavidsMiNa1983
Mississippi | DavidsMiNa1983
New Jersey | DavidsMiNa1983
New York | DavidsMiNa1983
North Carolina | DavidsMiNa1983
Ohio | DavidsMiNa1983
Oregon | DavidsMiNa1983
Pennsylvania | DavidsMiNa1983
Rhode Island | DavidsMiNa1983
Virginia | DavidsMiNa1983
West Virginia | DavidsMiNa1983

Keys

Suh2015: pp.6 ( Adult (F) ) [Korean Pseudaulacaspis]
WeiFe2012a: pp.13 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Chinese species of the genus Pseudaulacaspis]
SuhJi2009: pp.1041-1043 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of armored scales intercepted on imported plants (slide mounted females)]
MillerDa2005: pp.29-30 ( Adult (F) ) [Field Key to Economic Armored Scales]
Danzig1993: pp.332 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Pseudaulacaspis]
MacGil1921: pp.315 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Pseudaulacaspis] Key as: Pseudaulacaspis pentagona auranticolor

Remarks

Systematics: Pseudaulacaspis prunicola theae was incorrectly considered a junior synonym of Pinnaspis theae Maskell by Borchsenius (1966). Due to this confusion, citations of either name could be incorrect and refer to the other species. Because Maskell (1898) had two species in his type series, it is important that a lectotype be designated. To preserve taxonomic stability, we feel that this lectotype should be designated from material from Japan, which is conspecific with P. prunicola prunicola. Type slides from Ceylon are misidentifications of P. barberi.
Structure: Female scale whitish, very broadly pyriform, margin widening so directly from the 1st exuviae that the whole seems almost elliptical or even subcircular. The white secretion is easily rubbed off and the yellow or yellowish-brown exuviae are then exposed (Maskell, 1895b). Adult female with pygidium with 3rd space usually having 2 or more gland spines; 2nd, 3rd and 4th spaces usually have simple gland spines only; there are 0-15 small macroducts on each side of the metathorax and abdominal segment 1; there are 38-86 large macroducts on each side of the body; there are 35-99 perivulvar pores on each side of the pygidium. Eggs are light salmon colored (Davidson et al., 1983).
Biology: This species has 3 generations per year (Davidson et al., 1983).
Economic Importance: Host plants include some economically important fruit crops and flowering plants, especially Prunus spp. However, because P. prunicola may have been confused with P. pentagona, the actual host plant range may be much wider than listed (Berry et al. 2022).
General Remarks: Detailed description and illustration by Davidson et al. (1983). Color photograph in Berry et al. (2022).

Illustrations

Citations

Ali1970: catalog, taxonomy, 25
AndersWuGr2010: phylogeny, taxonomy, 997
Barlow1897: taxonomy, 60
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 261
BerryWaTa2022: biology, control, diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 531
Borchs1966: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 174, 176
Carnes1907: host, 160
Cocker1896b: taxonomy, 337
Cocker1898r: taxonomy, 240
Cocker1899i: description, distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 106-107
Cocker1901l: taxonomy, 225
Cocker1902d: distribution, taxonomy, 59
Cooley1898a: distribution, host, 232
DavidsMiNa1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 757-759
DeitzTo1980: distribution, taxonomy, 41
ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 114
Fernal1903b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 235
Fletch1919: distribution, host, 296
Fullaw1932: distribution, 93
Gavril2018: reproduction, 243
Green1908a: taxonomy, 37
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 275-276
KimuraOtMi2016: chemical control, nymph, 83-86
Kirkal1902: distribution, host, 112
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 19
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 86
Kuwana1926: taxonomy, 14
LeeLeSe2024: natural enemies, 3, 7
Leonar1901a: taxonomy, 559-560
LuDeNi2023: diagnosis, distribution, molecular data, taxonomy,
MacGil1921: distribution, host, taxonomy, 315
Maskel1895b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 49
Maskel1897a: distribution, host, 242
Maskel1898: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 228
Miller2005: distribution, 488
MillerDa2005: description, distribution, economic importance, host, 364
MillerDe2018: history, 7
MorseNo2006: phylogeny, taxonomy, 340
NiuLiXu2024: DNA sequencing, S1 Table
NormarOkMo2019: distribution, host, phylogeny, taxonomy, 32, 68, S6
RizzoMoCa2024: DNA sequencing, genebank, 43
Scott1952: taxonomy, 35
SkvarlSc2024: diagnosis, distribution, host, 72
SongWaTa2024: phylogeny, 4, 8-9
Suh2015: distribution, key,
Suh2016: distribution, host, key, 318, 331
SuhJi2009: distribution, illustration, taxonomy, 1039-1054
Takagi1985: taxonomy, 48
UchidaMuWa2021: chemical control, distribution, host,
WaltmaRaWi2016: distribution, 231
WeiFe2012a: taxonomy, 13
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 230
Wu1999b: distribution, list of species, 234