Valid Names Results
Planococcus kenyae (Le Pelley, 1935) (Pseudococcidae: Planococcus)Nomenclatural History
- Pseudococcus citri congoensis Mann 1922: 629. nomen nudum
- Pseudococcus kenyae Le Pelley 1935: 185. Type data: KENYA: Nairobi, Scott Agricultural Laboratory, on Coffea arabica. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; accepted valid name
- Pseudococcus kenyaensis Betrem 1936: 129. nomen nudum
- Planococcus kenyae (Le Pelley, 1935); Ferris 1950b: 164. change of combination
- Planococcus subukiaensis De Lotto 1954: 110. Type data: KENYA: Subukia, on Coffea arabica. Holotype, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Cox1989, 41).
Common Names
- coffee mealybug Bartle1978e
- Afrikanische Kaffee-Schmierlaus WatsonKo2022
- cochinilla harinosa de Kenia WatsonKo2022
- Kenya mealybug WatsonKo2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 22 | Genera: 42
- Amaranthaceae
- Beta | WatsonKo2022
- Anacardiaceae
- Lannea discolor | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Annonaceae
- Annona muricata | GermaiSoBu2014
- Apocynaceae
- Carissa | WatsonKo2022
- Asteraceae
- Sonchus | WatsonKo2022
- Balsaminaceae
- Impatiens | WatsonKo2022
- Bignoniaceae
- Jacaranda | WatsonKo2022
- Convolvulaceae
- Ipomoea | WatsonKo2022
- Costaceae
- Costus | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Cucurbitaceae
- Coccinia | WatsonKo2022
- Dioscoreaceae
- Dioscorea | KoradaNaEd2010
- Euphorbiaceae
- Codiaeum | WatsonKo2022
- Croton | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Ricinus | WatsonKo2022
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | WatsonKo2022
- Bauhinia | WatsonKo2022
- Cajanus | WatsonKo2022
- Cassia | WatsonKo2022
- Erythrina | WatsonKo2022
- Gliricidia | WatsonKo2022
- Hedysarum | WatsonKo2022
- Indigofera | WatsonKo2022
- Inga | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Phaseolus | WatsonKo2022
- Pueraria | WatsonKo2022
- Sesbania | WatsonKo2022
- Loranthaceae
- Loranthus | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Malvaceae
- Gossypium | WatsonKo2022
- Hibiscus eriocarpus | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Theobroma cacao | BenDov1994 CouturMaRi1985
- Moraceae
- Ficus | WatsonKo2022
- Myrtaceae
- Psidium | WatsonKo2022
- Tristania | WatsonKo2022
- Passifloraceae
- Barteria fistulosa | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Passiflora | WatsonKo2022
- Poaceae
- Lolium | WatsonKo2022
- Saccharum | WatsonKo2022
- Rubiaceae
- Coffea arabica | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Cuviera longiflora | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Gardenia | WatsonKo2022
- Rutaceae
- Citrus sinensis | GithaeOnNd2021
- Solanaceae
- Solanum | WatsonKo2022
Foes:
Families: 5 | Genera: 11
- Cecidomyiidae
- Coccodiplosis coffeae | Barnes1939
- Drosophilidae
- Cacoxenus multidentatus | TsacasCh1999
- Encyrtidae
- Acerophagus | WatsonKo2022 | (=Pseudaphycus)
- Anagyrus aurantifrons | LePell1959
- Anagyrus beneficians | Moore1988
- Anagyrus bugandaensis | Comper1939d
- Anagyrus kivuensis | Comper1938 Moore1988
- Coccidoxenoides perminutus | LePell1959 Moore1988 | (= Coccidoxenoides peregrinus)
- Gyranusoidea citrina | Comper1938
- Leptomastidea jeanneli | Comper1939d
- Leptomastix dactylopii | Comper1938 Moore1988 | (= Leptomastix bifasciatus)
- Tetracnemoidea | WatsonKo2022 | (= Hungariella)
- Tetracnemoidea coffeicola | Kerric1967
- Hypoxidaceae
- Pauridia | WatsonKo2022
- Lycaenidae
- Spalgis lemolea | WatsonKo2022
Associates:
Families: 2 | Genera: 3
- Caulimoviridae
- Cacao swollen shoot virus | WatsonKo2022
- Formicidae
- Oecophylla longinoda | VayssiGrSi2020
- Pheidole punctulata | WatsonKo2022
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 18
- Benin | VayssiGrSi2020
- Burundi | WatsonKo2022
- Central African Republic | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Congo | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | BenDov1994 CouturMaRi1985
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (=Zaire) | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Ghana | BenDov1994 CABI1978a Cox1989
- Kenya | BenDov1994 LePell1935
- Malawi | CABI2001a
- Mauritius | GermaiSoBu2014
- Nigeria | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Rwanda | WatsonKo2022
- Sierra Leone | BenDov1994 CABI1978a
- Sudan | BenDov1994 CABI1978a Cox1989
- Tanzania | BenDov1994 CABI1978a Cox1989
- Togo | BenDov1994 Cox1989
- Uganda | BenDov1994 CABI1978a Cox1989
- Zimbabwe | BenDov1994 Cox1989
Keys
- Hodgso2020: pp.32-34 ( Adult (M) ) [higher groups of Pseudococcidae]
- Cox1989: pp.7 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- CoxFr1985: pp.721 ( Adult (F) ) [Planococcus species of cacao ]
Remarks
- Systematics: Adult female P. kenyae and P. lilacinus have a darker median line and shorter legs than P. citri, P. ficus and P. minor. They do not secrete an ovisac, which P. citri,P. ficus and P. minor always produce. The body contents of P. kenyae are yellow whereas those of P. lilacinus have a purplish to brownish red tinge. (Watson & Kondo, 2022)
- Structure: Body of adult female oval, somewhat flattened, about 2.5 mm long; body contents yellow but color partly obscured by white mealy wax that is thinner in places on dorsum, forming a darker median line and transverse intersegmental lines. White wax filaments on margins numbering 18 pairs, shortest at head end, increasing in length posteriorly, apical filaments about 20% as long as body. Eggs yellow, laid under the body, not contained in an ovisac. (Watson & Kondo, 2022)
- Biology: Biology and pest status on coffee presented by Le Pelley (1943, 1968). Natural enemies discussed by Le Pelley (1943), Bartlett (1978e) and by Moore (1988). Male P. kenyae are only seen during the cool season, so it is uncertain whether reproduction is sexual or if males are non-functional and reproduction is parthenogenetic. (Watson & Kondo, 2022)
- Economic Importance: A major pest of coffee in Kenya. This species was first recorded in 1923, misidentified then as P. citri, as a severe pest to coffee in Kenya. Initial attempts to control the pest by natural enemies failed, partly because of erroneous attempts due to the misidentification. In 1934, it was misidentified in Kenya as P. lilacinus, and further introductions of natural enemies, mainly from the far East, did not establish in Kenya (Le Pelley, 1943). Following its recognition as a distinct species (Le Pelley, 1935), a search for parasites was initiated in Uganda and neighbouring countries, and introductions were made to Kenya. Consequently, populations of the pest in Kenya decreased (Le Pelley, 1943).
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of the adult female given by Cox (1989). Good description and illusrtation of the adult male given by Afifi (1968). One of Wirjati’s slides from Malaysia had been misidentified as Planococcus kenyae Le Pelley, so re-identification of the sample as Pl. minor confirms that Pl. kenyae is not present in Indonesia. Planococcus kenyae is only found in the Afrotropical Region (CABI, 2016). The absence of Pl. kenyae in Indonesia was supported by Cox (1989) and Williams (2004). Records of the occurrence of this species in Indonesia in Betrem (1937) and Kalshoven (1981) need to be corrected.
Illustrations
Citations
- Afifi1968: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 98-102
- Bartle1978e: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 155, 156
- BeltraAdAv2015: biological control, 2
- BenDov1994: catalog, 362
- BennetRoCo1976: biological control, economic importance, 359-395
- Betrem1936: taxonomy, 129
- Betrem1937: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 62-64
- BruntKe1971: disease transmission, economic importance, host, 591-602
- CABI1978a: distribution,
- CABI2001a: distribution, host, 1-3
- Clause1951: biological control, 1-8
- Comper1938: biological control, 315-337
- Comper1939d: biological control, distribution, host, 8-9,25
- Comper1969a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 5-10
- CouturMaRi1985: distribution, host, 280
- Cox1989: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 41-43
- DahlstHa1999: biological control, 919-933
- DeLott1954: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 110-113
- DeluccRoSc1976: biological control, taxonomy, 81-91
- Doutt1967: biological control, 3-30
- EzzatMc1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 83-87
- Ferris1950b: taxonomy, 164
- FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
- GermaiSoBu2014: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 28
- GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
- Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
- GutierCaMe1999: biological control, 243-252
- Hodgso2012: taxonomy, 64
- Hodgso2020: key, 34
- HuffakSiLa1976: biological control, 41-78
- KaydanCaUl2013: economic importance, 169
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 24
- KoradaNaEd2010: distribution, economic importance, host, 339
- LePell1935: economic importance, 185-188
- LePell1943: biological control, economic importance, 78-88
- LePell1959: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 33-48
- LePell1968: biological control,
- LynchHoBa2001: biological control, 99-125
- Mann1922: taxonomy, 629
- MayneGh1934: distribution, economic importance, host, 3-34
- Moore1988: biological control, 212
- NGuessYaNg2019: distribution, host, 3, 4
- NRC1969: biological control, chemical control, ecology, economic importance, taxonomy,
- ObodjiNGNG2015: virus, virus transmission,
- RosenDe1973: biological control, taxonomy, 215-222
- Schmut1969: distribution, economic importance, host,
- TsacasCh1999: biological control, 102
- VayssiGrSi2020: ant association,
- Watson1997: biological control, distribution, taxonomy, 3
- Watson2021: distribution, 526
- WatsonKo2022: ant association, control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, virus, 185-187
- Wilkin1935: distribution, host, 13,16
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 248
- WilliaMa2012: distribution, host, 89
