Valid Names Results
Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill, 1985 (Coccidae: Philephedra)Nomenclatural History
- Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill 1985: 31. Type data: U.S.A.: Texas, La Feria, on Schinus terebinthifolius.. Holotype, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; accepted valid name
- Philephera tuberculosa; Jansen & Alferink 2023: 32. misspelling of genus name
Common Names
- Papaya scale KondoGi2022
- Escama blanda de la papaya KondoGi2022
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 26 | Genera: 58
- Anacardiaceae
- Mangifera indica | NakahaGi1985
- Schinus terebinthifolia | NakahaGi1985
- Spondias dulcis | GermaiDeLa2016
- Annonaceae
- Annona muricata | MatileEt2006
- Annona reticulata | NakahaGi1985
- Annona squamosa | NakahaGi1985 PenaBaLi1987
- Araceae
- Anthurium | KondoGi2022
- Dieffenbachia | KondoGi2022
- Asteraceae
- Ambrosia artemisiifolia | NakahaGi1985
- Dahlia | NakahaGi1985
- Helianthus | NakahaGi1985
- Solidago odora | NakahaGi1985 | ssp. chapmanii (= Solidago chapmanii)
- Tithonia diversifolia | GermaiDeLa2016
- Bignoniaceae
- Spathodea campanulata | MatileEt2006
- Tabebuia pallida | NakahaGi1985
- Burseraceae
- Bursera simaruba | NakahaGi1985
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum brasiliense | NakahaGi1985
- Calophyllum inophyllum | NakahaGi1985
- Caricaceae
- Carica papaya | NakahaGi1985 PenaBaLi1987 Willia2010 WilliaArZi2008
- Combretaceae
- Combretum indicum | MatileEt2006 | (= Quisqualis indica)
- Conocarpus erectus | NakahaGi1985
- Laguncularia racemosa | NakahaGi1985
- Terminalia buceras | NakahaGi1985 | (= Bucida buceras)
- Terminalia molinetii | NakahaGi1985 | (= Bucida spinosa)
- Convolvulaceae
- Ipomoea pes-caprae | NakahaGi1985
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha wilkesiana | NakahaGi1985
- Codiaeum variegatum | Malump2009 NakahaGi1985
- Euphorbia heterophylla | NakahaGi1985
- Jatropha integerrima | NakahaGi1985
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | KondoGi2022
- Bauhinia purpurea | NakahaGi1985
- Cajanus cajan | MatileEt2006
- Cassia fistula | NakahaGi1985
- Gliricidia sepium | MatileEt2006 NakahaGi1985
- Lysiloma latisiliqua | NakahaGi1985
- Lysiloma latisiliquum | NakahaGi1985 | (= Lysiloma bahamensis)
- Millettia pinnata | NakahaGi1985
- Parkinsonia aculeata | NakahaGi1985
- Pithecellobium unguis-cati | NakahaGi1985 | (= Pithecellobium guadalupense)
- Pongamia pinnata | KondoGi2022
- Lamiaceae
- Rosmarinus officinalis | NakahaGi1985
- Lauraceae
- Persea americana | MatileEt2006
- Lythraceae
- Lawsonia inermis | MatileEt2006
- Malvaceae
- Ceiba speciosa | NakahaGi1985
- Gossypium | NakahaGi1985
- Gossypium barbadense | GermaiDeLa2016
- Gossypium hirsutum | MatileEt2006
- Hibiscus acetosella | NakahaGi1985
- Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | MatileEt2006
- Malvaviscus arboreus | NakahaGi1985
- Moraceae
- Ficus carica | NakahaGi1985
- Ficus natalensis | NakahaGi1985 | ssp. leprieurii (= Ficus triangularis)
- Ficus rubiginosa | NakahaGi1985
- Moringaceae
- Moringa oleifera | WilliaArZi2008
- Myrtaceae
- Psidium guajava | NakahaGi1985
- Passifloraceae
- Turnera subulata | MatileEt2006
- Polygonaceae
- Coccoloba diversifolia | NakahaGi1985
- Coccoloba uvifera | NakahaGi1985
- Portulacaceae
- Portulaca | NakahaGi1985
- Rutaceae
- Amyris elemifera | NakahaGi1985
- Citrus | NakahaGi1985
- Citrus limon | MatileEt2006
- Salicaceae
- Dovyalis hebecarpa | NakahaGi1985
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum oliviforme | NakahaGi1985
- Manilkara roxburghiana | NakahaGi1985 | (= Mimusops roxburghiana)
- Mimusops elengi | NakahaGi1985
- Pouteria sapota | NakahaGi1985
- Sideroxylon foetidissimum | NakahaGi1985 | (= Mastichodendron foetidissimum)
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia purpurata | WilliaArZi2008
- Zingiber | NakahaGi1985
Foes:
Families: 5 | Genera: 7
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus lycimnia | PenaBaLi1987
- Cecidomyiidae
- Diadiplosis pulvinariae | PenaBaLi1987
- Coccinellidae
- Cryptolaemus montrouzieri | PenaBaLi1987
- Diomus austrinus | PenaBaLi1987
- Hyperaspis ornatella | PenaBaLi1987
- Cordycipitaceae
- Lecanicillium lecanii | PenaMc1986 | (= Verticillium lecanii (Zimmenn) )
- Encyrtidae
- Trichomasthus portoricensis | PenaBaLi1987
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 22
- Bahamas | KondoGi2022
- Colombia | Kondo2001
- Costa Rica | Malump2009
- Dominican Republic | KondoGi2022
- Ecuador | Malump2009
- El Salvador | KondoGi2022
- French Guiana | KondoGi2022
- Guadeloupe | MatileEt2006
- Guatemala | Willia2010
- Guiana | GermaiDeLa2016
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Honduras | KondoGi2022
- Jamaica | KondoGaWa2022
- Mexico | Miller1996
- Nicaragua | MatileEt2006
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | KondoGi2022
- Saint Croix | WilliaArZi2008
- Saint Lucia | Malump2014a
- Saint Martin & St. Barthelemy
- Saint Barthelemy | MatileEt2006
- Saint Martin | MatileEt2006
- U.S. Virgin Islands | KondoGi2022
- United States
- Florida | Miller1996
- Texas | Miller1996
- Venezuela | BenDov1993
Keys
- KondoMoDi2018: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae associated with Rosmarinus]
Remarks
- Systematics: Philephedra tuberculosa may be confused with other congeneric species such as P. ephedrae (Cockerell), P. colimensis (Cockerell), P. floridana Nakahara & Gill, P. mimosae (Townsend & Cockerell) and P. parvula (Cockerell), which share the presence of 2-ringed ducts in the medial and submedial areas of the dorsum. Philephedra tuberculosa differs from P. colimensis, P. floridana, P. mimosae, and P. parvula by having more than 65 2-ringed ducts on dorsum (the other species have fewer than 65 ducts). Philephedra ephedrae has more than 65 2-ringed ducts on the dorsum like P. tuberculosa, but P. tuberculosa has 3 spiracular setae in each spiracular cleft, whereas P. ephedrae has only 1 (or 0) spiracular seta in each cleft. Kondo & Gill, 2022)
- Structure: Body elongate oval, convex, yellow, yellowish green, yellowish brown or darker brown; not producing a cottony wax ovisac until oviposition. Ovisac white, cottony, elongate, approximately 2× longer than length of body, and partially or entirely covering body. Immature males found on leaves, each yellow or yellowish brown in colour, covered by a glassy test; often with filamentous white wax on leaf surface, radiating from test. (Kondo & Gill, 2022)
- General Remarks: Good description and illustration of adult female by Nakahara & Gill (1985).
Illustrations
Citations
- BenDov1993: catalog, 231-232
- EsparzArVi2012: description, distribution, host, 465-466
- GermaiDeLa2016: host, list of species, 2
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 42
- KondoMoDi2018: host, key, 381-382
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
- Malump2009: distribution, host, 109-112
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 73
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 166
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 70
- MillerWi1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 351
- NakahaGi1985: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 31-36
- PenaBaLi1987: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 423-427
- PenaMc1986: biological control, distribution, host, 416-417
- PerezG2008: distribution, 213
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 144-152
- WilliaArZi2008: distribution, host, 483-484
