Valid Names Results

Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844) (Coccidae: Parthenolecanium)

This catalog page aggregates the information for all subspecies of Parthenolecanium corni. If you are looking for information specific to the binomial, click on the link to the nominal trinomial below.

Subspecies:

Parthenolecanium corni apuliae

Parthenolecanium corni corni

Nomenclatural History

Lecanium corni corni Bouché 1844: 298. Type data: GERMANY: Berlin, on lower side of twigs of Cornus sanguineum [=Cornus sanguinea], Pyrus sp., Tilia sp., Corylus sp., Ribes rubrum and other species of trees. r.. Syntypes, female, by subsequent designation accepted valid name Notes: Type material lost (Sachtleben, 1944).
Coccus tiliae Fitch 1851: 69. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, on Tilia sp.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Barnes1988, 104). Notes: Type material probably lost (Barnes, 1988).
Lecanium vini Bouché 1851: 112. Type data: GERMANY: Berlin, on grapevine.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Eberswalde: Institut fur Pflanzenschutzforschung, Germany; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 371).
Lecanium corylifex Fitch 1857e: 473. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, Salem, on Hazelnut, Corylus americana.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium cynosbati Fitch 1857c: 436. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, Salem, on stalks of wild gooseberry, Ribes cynosbati.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium juglandifex Fitch 1857e: 463. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, Salem, Martin's meadow, on butternut.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443). Notes: Type material probably lost (Barnes, 1988).
Lecanium ribis Fitch 1857b: 427. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, Albany, on Ribes sp.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443). Notes: Type material probably lost (Barnes, 1988).
Coccus rosarum Snellen van Volenhoven 1862: 94. Type data: NETHERLANDS: on rose.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Marcha1908a, 264). Notes: Type material probably lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
Lecanium fitchii Signoret 1873a: 404. Type data: U.S.A.: Washington, D.C., on 'ronce' [=raspberry].. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium rugosum Signoret 1873a: 429. Type data: FRANCE: on peach.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 371).
Lecanium tarsalis Signoret 1873a: 430. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, on Cornus sanguineus.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443). Notes: .
Lecanium wistariae Signoret 1873a: 433. Type data: FRANCE: Clamart, on Glycine sp.. Lectotype, female, by subsequent designation (BenDov1976b,115). Type depository: Pretoria: South African National Collection of Insects, South Africa; Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by Danzig1980a, 594).
Lecanium robiniarum Douglas 1890c: 318. Type data: HUNGARY: Budapest, on Robinia pseudacacia.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 294).
Lecanium armeniacum Craw 1891: 12. Type data: U.S.A.: California, on apricot, prune, plum, cherry and pear.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium assimile Newstead 1892: 141. Type data: ENGLAND: Colwyn Bay, N.W., on Grindelia hirsuta.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Leonar1920, 287).
Lecanium caryae canadense Cockerell 1895x: 253. Type data: CANADA: Ontario, Stittsville near Ottawa, on Ulmus racemosa.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium lintneri Cockerell & Bennett in Cockerell 1895h: 381. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, Greene County, Lake Mohonk, on Sassafras.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium pruinosum armeniacum Craw, 1891; Tyrrell 1896: 268. change in status (level)
Lecanium (Eulecanium) corylifex; Cockerell 1896b: 332. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eulecanium) lintneri; Cockerell 1896b: 333. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eulecanium) rugosum; Cockerell 1896b: 332. subsequent use
Lecanium canadense Cockerell, 1895; Cockerell 1898j: 294. change in status (level)
Eulecanium crawii (Ehrhorn, 1898); Cockerell 1898o: 247. change of combination
Lecanium (Eulecanium) caryarum Cockerell 1898j: 293. Type data: CANADA: Ontario, Niagara, on Carya alba.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium crawii Ehrhorn 1898: 245. Type data: U.S.A.: California, near Mountain View, on Acer macrophyllum.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium (Eulecanium) kingii Cockerell 1898q: 322. Type data: U.S.A.: Massachusetts, Lawrence, on Vaccinium corymbosum.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium (Eulecanium) maclurarum Cockerell 1898j: 294. Type data: CANADA: Ontario, Niagara, on osage orange.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium kansasense Hunter 1899a: 69. Type data: U.S.A.: Kansas, Lawrence, University Campus, on Cersis canadensis.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium (Eulecanium) armeniacum; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 233. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eulecanium) canadense; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 232. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eulecanium) crawii; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 237. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eulecanium) cynosbati; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 233. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eulecanium) fitchii; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 236. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eulecanium) ribis; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 234. subsequent use
Lecanium (Eulecanium) tarsale; Cockerell & Parrott 1899: 234. subsequent use
Lecanium maclurae Hunter 1899a: 67. Type data: U.S.A.: Kansas, Claffin, Barber County, on osage orange [=Maclura aurantiaca].. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; synonym and homonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443). Replacement name for Lecanium maclurae Fitch
Lecanium (Eulecanium) aurantiacum Hunter 1900: 107. replacement name Replacement name for Lecanium maclurae Hunter
Eulecanium corylifex (Fitch, 1857); King 1901h: 314. change of combination
Eulecanium fitchii (Signoret, 1873); King 1901j: 333. change of combination
Eulecanium maclurarum (Cockerell, 1898); King 1901i: 335. change of combination
Eulecanium vini (Bouché, 1851); Cockerell 1901b: 92. change of combination
Eulecanium guignardi King 1901j: 334. Type data: CANADA: Ontario, Niagara, on plum tree.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Eulecanium rosae King 1901j: 336. Type data: CANADA: Quebec, Sherbrooke, on rosebush.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Ottawa: Canadian National Collection of Insects, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Ontario, Canada; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium adenostomae Kuwana 1901: 402. Type data: U.S.A.: California, Santa Clara County, Stanford University, on Adenostoma fasciculata.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium rehi King in King & Reh 1901: 61. Type data: GERMANY: Hamburg and Berlin, on Ribes grossularia, R. rubrum and R. nigrum.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 371).
Lecanium websteri Cockerell & King 1901a: 106. Type data: U.S.A.: Ohio, on mulberry.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium (Eulecanium) vini; King & Reh 1901: 6. subsequent use
Eulecanium cynosbati (Fitch, 1857); King 1902c: 159. change of combination
Eulecanium kansasense (Hunter, 1899); King 1902b: 60. change of combination
Eulecanium robiniarum (Douglas, 1890); Cockerell 1902g: 178. change of combination
Eulecanium websteri (Cockerell & King, 1901); King 1902b: 60. change of combination
Eulecanium fraxini King 1902d: 158. Type data: CANADA: Ottawa, on Fraxinus americana.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: St. Petersburg: Zoological Museum, Academy of Science, Russia; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Eulecanium adenostomae (Kuwana, 1901); Fernald 1903b: 180. change of combination
Eulecanium armeniacum (Craw, 1891); Fernald 1903b: 181. change of combination
Eulecanium assimile (Newstead, 1892); Fernald 1903b: 181. change of combination
Eulecanium aurantiacum (Hunter, 1900); Fernald 1903b: 182. change of combination
Eulecanium canadense (Cockerell, 1895); Fernald 1903b: 182. change of combination
Eulecanium caryarum (Cockerell, 1898); Fernald 1903b: 184. change of combination
Eulecanium corni (Bouché, 1844); Fernald 1903b: 185. change of combination
Eulecanium crawii (Ehrhorn, 1898); Fernald 1903b: 186. change of combination
Eulecanium kingii (Cockerell, 1898); Fernald 1903b: 189. change of combination
Eulecanium lintneri (Cockerell & Bennett in Cockerell, 1895); Fernald 1903b: 189. change of combination
Eulecanium obtusum (Thro, 1903); Fernald 1903b: 191. change of combination
Eulecanium rehi (King in King & Reh, 1901); Fernald 1903b: 195. change of combination
Eulecanium ribis (Fitch, 1857); Fernald 1903b: 195. change of combination
Eulecanium rugosum (Signoret, 1873); Fernald 1903b: 196. change of combination
Eulecanium tarsale (Cockerell & Parrott, 1899); Fernald 1903b: 197. change of combination
Lecanium (Eulecanium) assimile Newstead, 1892; Reh 1903: 408. change of combination
Lecanium (Eulecanium) ribis Fitch, 1857; Reh 1903: 412. change of combination
Lecanium (Eulecanium) robiniarum Douglas, 1890; Reh 1903: 408. change of combination
Lecanium (Eulecanium) rosarum (Snellen van Volenhoven, 1862); Reh 1903: 408. change of combination
Lecanium folsomi King 1903b: 193. Type data: U.S.A.: Illinois, Urbana, on paw-paw [=Asimina triloba].. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Lecanium obtusum Thro 1903: 212. Type data: U.S.A.: New York, on Rubus villosus.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 443).
Eulecanium websteri; Fernald 1903b: 198. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "King" as author.
Eulecanium folsomi (King, 1903); Cockerell 1905e: 129. change of combination
Lecanium corni robiniarum Marchal 1908a: 278. Type data: FRANCE: on Robinia pseudo-acacia.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; junior synonym (discovered by Lindin1912, 294).
Lecanium coryli; Šulc 1908: 36. misidentification
Lecanium persicae crudum Green 1917a: 202. Type data: ENGLAND: on Aralia sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Habib1955, 70).
Parthenolecanium coryli; Šulc 1932: 64. misidentification
Lecanium corni rabiniarum Douglas, 1890; Tschorbadjiew 1939: 89. misspelling of species epithet
Eulecanium corni corni (Bouché, 1844); Schmutterer 1952: 546. change in status (level)
Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché, 1844); Borchsenius 1957: 356. change of combination
Eulecanium corni apuliae Nuzzaci 1969: 9. Type data: ITALY: Foggia, Stornara, on grapevine.. Syntypes, female, male, and first instar, Type depository: Bari: Istituto di Entomologia Agraria, Italy; accepted valid name
Lecanium vini; Boratynski 1970a: 68. subsequent use
Parthenolecanium corni apuliae (Nuzzaci, 1969); Ben-Dov 1993: 219. change of combination
Lecanium websteri; Ben-Dov 1993: 216. subsequent use Notes: Incorrect citation of "King" as author.
Parthenolecanium corni; Moghaddam 2009: 9. subsequent use Notes: Authorship erroneously credited to Nuzzaci (1969). This error was also repeated in Bugaj-Nawrocka, et al. (2021)
Parthenolecanium corni; Develioğlu, et al. 2018: 6. subsequent use Notes: Authorship erroneously credited to Nuzzaci (1969).
Partenolecanium corni; Grujić, et al. 2021: 193. misspelling of genus name
Parthenolecanium carni (Bouché, 1844); Gaikwad, et al. 2022: 4. misspelling of species epithet

Common Names

brown scale Kaweck1958 KosztaKo1988F
conchuela cafe europea de la vid Gonzal1983RH
European fruit Lecanium BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984 Kaweck1958
european fruit Lecanium BenDov1993 Gill1988 HamonWi1984 Kaweck1958
Gewonliche Schildlaus Kaweck1958
La cocciniglia del susino Kaweck1958
Le lecanium du cornuiller Kaweck1958
Zwetschgen-Napfschildlaus Kaweck1958
Akatsievaya lozhnoschitovka KondoGaWa2022
brown apricot scale KondoGaWa2022
cocciniglia del corniolo KondoGaWa2022
cochenille du cornouiller KondoGaWa2022
cochinilla de la vid KondoGaWa2022
gewone dopluis KondoGaWa2022
vanlig sköldlus KondoGaWa2022
akatsiya soxtaqalqondori SobiroZoQa2024

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 53 | Genera: 127

Actinidiaceae

Actinidia | Stalaz2021
Actinidia chinensis | JansenAl2023 | var. deliciosa

Adoxaceae

Sambucus | Potaev1993 TerGri1962
Sambucus nigra | Stalaz2021
Sambucus racemosa | ZakOgaKo1964
Viburnum | Marott1987
Viburnum dilatatum | Suh2020
Viburnum opulus | ZakOgaKo1964
Viburnum orientale | DeveliMuKa2018
Viburnum tinus | GomezM1958b

Altingiaceae

Liquidambar styraciflua | HamonWi1984

Anacardiaceae

Cotinus coggygria | KozarGuBa1994
Pistacia | Hodgso1994a
Rhus chinensis | Suh2020
Toxicodendron trichocarpum | Suh2020

Annonaceae

Asimina triloba | King1903b

Apocynaceae

Nerium | KeskinOzCi2022

Aquifoliaceae

Ilex | Danzig1980b
Ilex verticillata | JansenAl2023

Araliaceae

Aralia | Danzig1980b Green1917a Green1928
Fatsia | KeskinOzCi2022

Asparagaceae

Asparagus | Potaev1993
Yucca thompsoniana | JansenAl2023

Aspleniaceae

Asplenium | CarnerPe1986

Asteraceae

Cichorium intybus | Archan1930
Helianthus annuus | ChoiLe2017

Berberidaceae

Berberis | Marott1987 | (= Mahonia)

Betulaceae

Alnus | Kozar1980
Alnus hirsuta | Suh2020
Alnus rhombifolia | Ferris1920b
Betula | TerGri1962
Betula pendula | DeveliMuKa2018
Carpinus | TerGri1954 TerGri1956 TerGri1962
Carpinus betulus | KotejaZa1969 KozarGuBa1994 KozarOrKo1977
Carpinus caroliniana | LambdiWa1980
Carpinus orientalis | BatsanKaKi2017
Corylus | Barnes1988 Hodgso1994a TerGri1962
Corylus americana | Fitch1857e
Corylus avellana | Hodgso1994a KotejaZa1966 KotejaZa1969 Kozar1980 Moghad2013a Santas1985 UlgentDo2019 ZakOgaKo1964

Buxaceae

Buxus | Marott1987
Buxus sempervirens | DervisGr2023 LambdiWa1980

Cannabaceae

Cannabis | Marott1987
Celtis | Kozar1983a KozarOs1987
Celtis australis | BatsanKaKi2017 Potaev1993 | including Celtis australis subsp. caucasica
Celtis occidentalis | King1901a King1903b KozarFr1995 LambdiWa1980
Celtis sinensis | Dreist1996

Caprifoliaceae

Lonicera | Danzig1980b KingRe1901 Potaev1993
Symphoricarpos albus | Stalaz2021

Celastraceae

Celastrus scandens | Stalaz2021
Euonymus europaeus | Kozar1980

Cistaceae

Cistus salviifolius | BatsanKaKi2017
Helianthemum nummularium | BugajNJuKa2021
Helianthemum ovatum | KotejaZa1969

Cornaceae

Cornus | Kozar1980 KozarHuFo1989 TerGri1962 | (= Swida)
Cornus florida | LambdiWa1980
Cornus mas | KotejaZa1969 Kozar1980 SengonUyKa1998 UygunSeEr1998
Cornus sanguinea | Bouche1844 Marott1987 ZakOgaKo1964 JaposhBaKi2020 | ssp. australis
Nyssa sylvatica | LambdiWa1980

Ebenaceae

Diospyros | HamonWi1984 Potaev1993
Diospyros kaki | ChoiLe2017

Elaeagnaceae

Elaeagnus | Kozar1980

Elaeocarpaceae

Aristotelia | HodgsoHe2000

Ericaceae

Arbutus | Ferris1920b
Arbutus menziesii | Ferris1920b
Calluna vulgaris | Hodgso1994a
Empetrum nigrum | BugajNJuKa2021
Vaccinium corymbosum | TartanSoFu2023
Vaccinium myrtillus | Hodgso1994a Komosi1977 Koteja1983a KotejaZa1966
Vaccinium uliginosum | Stalaz2021

Eulophidae

Pnigalio | TrabanShLu2023

Euphorbiaceae

Ricinus communis | CarnerPe1986

Fabaceae

Acacia | Granar1999 Green1920 Marott1987 TerGri1954 TerGri1956
Acacia hispidula | GomezM1946 GomezM1958b
Albizia julibrissin | BatsanKaKi2017
Amorpha fruticosa | Archan1930 Potaev1993
Cajanus cajan | BatsanKaKi2017
Caragana | Kozar1980
Caragana arborescens | KozarKoAk1979 KozarTzVi1979
Cercis canadensis | King1901a
Cercis siliquastrum | Archan1930 Marott1987
Colutea | Kozar1980
Colutea arborescens | Kozar1980
Cytisus scoparius | BugajNJuKa2021 | (= Sarothamnus scoparius)
Genista | BugajNJuKa2021
Gleditsia | TerGri1956
Gleditsia triacanthos | Archan1930 Balach1935b Potaev1993
Glycine | Signor1874a
Robinia pseudoacacia | Koteja1983a Kozar1980 Kozar1981 Kozar1983a KozarOrKo1977 KozarSu1979 Archan1930 GomezM1958b KingRe1901 KozarPaPa1991 KozarWa1986
Sophora | TerGri1956
Styphnolobium japonicum | Archan1930 Kozar1980 Kozar1983a | (= Sophora japonica)
Wisteria sinensis | Marott1987

Fagaceae

Castanea sativa | GomezM1946
Fagus | UlgentDo2019
Quercus | King1901a TerGri1956 TerGri1962
Quercus acutissima | Suh2020
Quercus coccifera | SzitaFeBe2017
Quercus nigra | HamonWi1984 King1903b
Quercus palustris | HodgsoHe2000
Quercus phillyraeoides | Suh2020

Geraniaceae

Pelargonium | CarnerPe1986

Grossulariaceae

Ribes | KingRe1901 Koteja1971a Kozar1980 TerGri1954 TerGri1956
Ribes alpinum | Stalaz2021
Ribes aureum | Giliom1967
Ribes nigrum | HodgsoHe2000 KingRe1901 Kozar1983a
Ribes rubrum | Bouche1844 KingRe1901 KozarGuBa1994 KozarSu1979
Ribes uva-crispa | Fitch1857b Fitch1857c KingRe1901 KotejaZa1966 | (= Ribes grossularia)

Hydrangeaceae

Philadelphus | TerGri1956
Philadelphus coronarius | Stalaz2021

Juglandaceae

Carya alba | King1901f
Carya illinoinensis | LambdiWa1980
Carya tomentosa | LambdiWa1980
Juglans | KozarPaPa1991
Juglans regia | GomezM1958b GomezM1965 Kozar1980 KozarOs1987 Potaev1993
Pterocarya | KeskinOzCi2022

Juncaceae

Luzula | BugajNJuKa2021
Luzula pilosa | BugajNJuKa2021

Lamiaceae

Coleus | BatsanKaKi2017
Coleus scutellarioides | BatsanKaKi2017
Mentha | ZakOgaKo1964
Rosmarinus officinalis | DervisGr2023 Marott1987
Thymus | Pelliz1989

Lauraceae

Sassafras | Cocker1895h

Lythraceae

Punica granatum | Potaev1993

Magnoliaceae

Liriodendron tulipifera | LambdiWa1980
Magnolia | KozarOrKo1977 TerGri1956
Magnolia grandiflora | Borchs1957
Magnolia kobus | ChoiLe2017

Malvaceae

Tilia | Kozar1980 Kozar1983a KozarDr1991 TerGri1956 TerGri1962
Tilia americana | LambdiWa1980
Tilia cordata | KotejaZa1969 ZakOgaKo1964 | (= Tilia parvifolia)
Tilia euchlora | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
Tilia platyphyllos | ZakOgaKo1964
Tilia tomentosa | DervisStGr2021

Moraceae

Broussonetia papyrifera | Archan1930
Maclura pomifera | Borg1932 Hunter1899 Potaev1993 | (= Maclura aurantiaca),
Morus | GomezM1958b KozarPaPa1991
Morus alba | Kozar1980 KozarKoAk1979 KozarTzVi1979 Potaev1993
Morus nigra | Potaev1993

Myricaceae

Morella cerifera | HamonWi1984
Myrica gale | Stalaz2021

Oleaceae

Forsythia koreana | Suh2020
Fraxinus | GomezM1958b Potaev1993 TerGri1962
Fraxinus americana | King1902d LambdiWa1980
Fraxinus angustifolia | KozarWa1986 | ssp. pannonica)
Fraxinus chinensis | TangLi1988
Fraxinus excelsior | Archan1930 Koteja1983a KozarDr1993 KozarOrKo1977 KozarTzVi1979 ZakOgaKo1964
Jasminum | Kozar1980
Ligustrum vulgare | Potaev1993
Syringa vulgaris | DervisGr2023 Marott1987

Pinaceae

Pinus | HamonWi1984

Platanaceae

Platanus | Kozar1983a TerGri1956
Platanus occidentalis | KozarGuBa1994
Platanus orientalis | Kozar1983 KozarGuBa1994

Ranunculaceae

Clematis vitalba | Borchs1957 Foldi2000
Thalictrum minus | Borchs1957

Rhamnaceae

Ceanothus | Ferris1920b
Frangula alnus | Stalaz2021
Rhamnus cathartica | Stalaz2021
Ziziphus jujuba | ChoiLe2017

Rosaceae

Adenostoma fasciculatum | Ferris1920b
Amygdalus | KeskinOzCi2022
Cotoneaster | Borchs1957 Danzig1994 Hodgso1994a KozarGuBa1994
Cotoneaster lucidus | Stalaz2021
Cotoneaster microphylla | Habib1956
Crataegus | Koteja1983a Potaev1993 TerGri1962
Crataegus monogyna | Foldi2000 Kozar1980 KozarOrKo1977 KozarSu1979 | (= Crataegus oxyacantha)
Cydonia oblonga | Borchs1957 Kozar1980 Potaev1993 | (= Cydonia vulgaris)
Fragaria | KozarGuBa1994
Heteromeles arbutifolia | Ferris1920b
Malus | KotejaZa1969
Malus domestica | GomezM1946 GomezM1958b Kozar1980 KozarDr1988 KozarKoAk1979 Stalaz2021 | (= Malus communic)
Malus floribunda | DeveliMuKa2018
Malus prunifolia | Archan1930 KingRe1901 KozarDr1988 KozarKoAk1979
Malus pumila | GomezM1946 GomezM1958b Kozar1980 Potaev1993 KozarGuBa1994
Malus sylvestris | Bouche1844
Mespilus germanica | Borchs1957
Potentilla | Kozar1980
Prunus | GomezM1958b GomezM1965 BenDovZaOp2000 HodgsoHe2000 King1901j KozarKoAk1979 TerGri1954 TerGri1956
Prunus amygdalus | BasheeAsRa2014 GomezM1958b Kozar1980 Potaev1993 | (= Amygdalus communis)
Prunus armeniaca | HodgsoHe2000 KingRe1901 Potaev1993 | (= Armeniaca vulgaris)
Prunus avium | HodgsoHe2000 KozarWa1986
Prunus cerasifera | Hodgso1994a KozarDr1988 KozarGuBa1994 KozarKoAk1979 KozarOrKo1977 | (= Prunus divaricata)
Prunus cerasus | DervisGr2023
Prunus cornuta | Stalaz2021 | (= Prunus padus)
Prunus domestica | GomezM1958b Granar1999 KotejaZa1966 Kozar1980 KozarGuBa1994 KozarSu1979 ZakOgaKo1964
Prunus laurocerasus | Marott1987
Prunus persica | GomezM1946 Komeil1981 KozarOs1987 Potaev1993 Argyri1983 Jansen1995 Kozar1980 KozarGuBa1994 KozarKoAk1979 KozarOrKo1977 KozarSu1979 Borg1932 Cocker1895e Cocker1899n Green1930 KingRe1901 | (= Persica vulgaris) (= Persica),,
Prunus salicina | ChoiLe2017
Prunus spinosa | KotejaZa1966 KotejaZa1969 Kozar1980 Kozar1983a KozarSu1979 KozarTzVi1979 ZakOgaKo1964
Pseudocydonia sinensis | ChoiLe2017
Pyracantha | Hodgso1994a LambdiWa1980
Pyracantha coccinea | DeveliMuKa2018
Pyrus | KotejaZa1966
Pyrus communis | KingRe1901
Pyrus pyrifolia | Suh2020
Rosa | Borg1932 KotejaZa1969 Kozar1980 KozarOs1987 KozarSu1979 TerGri1962 King1901j KingRe1901
Rosa acicularis | KozarHuFo1989
Rosa canina | KozarOrKo1977
Rosa rugosa | Stalaz2021
Rubus | Hodgso1994a KozarGuBa1994 TerGri1962 ZakOgaKo1964
Rubus amoenus | GomezM1958b
Rubus caesius | KozarGuBa1994
Rubus idaeus | Koteja1971a Kozar1980 TerGri1962
Sorbaria | Danzig1980b
Sorbaria sorbifolia | Stalaz2021
Sorbus | Borchs1957
Sorbus aucuparia | KotejaZa1966
Spiraea | Danzig1980b KingRe1901 KozarGuBa1994 KozarHuFo1989

Salicaceae

Populus | Granar1999 Komeil1981 Kozar1980 TerGri1956
Populus canadensis | BugajNJuKa2021
Populus maximowiczii | Suh2020
Salix | Danzig1980b GomezM1958b Potaev1993 TerGri1962
Salix humboldtiana | Granar1999
Salix nigra | LambdiWa1980
Salix pentandra | KozarOrKo1977
Salix repens | Gertss2000
Salix viminalis | Granar1999

Sapindaceae

Acer | Ferris1925 GomezM1958b King1903b KozarHuFo1989 KozarOs1987 Marott1987 TerGri1956
Acer macrophyllum | Ehrhor1898 Ferris1920b
Acer monspessulanum | Potaev1993 | ssp. turcomanicum
Acer negundo | Archan1930 TangLi1988
Acer palmatum | FallahJa2017
Acer pseudoplatanus | DervisGr2023 KotejaZa1966
Acer rubrum | LambdiWa1980
Acer saccharinum | King1901a King1903b KozarOrKo1977 LambdiWa1980
Aesculus hippocastanum | Kozar1980 KozarGuBa1994

Simaroubaceae

Ailanthus altissima | Potaev1993

Solanaceae

Lycium barbarum | ElekciKa2021
Solanum tuberosum | Moghad2013a

Taxaceae

Taxus baccata | Marott1987

Ulmaceae

Ulmus | Kozar1980 KozarGuBa1994 KozarOrKo1977 KozarOs1987 TerGri1954 TerGri1956
Ulmus americana | King1901a King1901f LambdiWa1980
Ulmus davidiana | Suh2020
Ulmus minor | DervisGr2023 GomezM1957 KozarPaPa1991
Ulmus parvifolia | LambdiWa1980
Ulmus thomasii | Cocker1895x King1901f LambdiWa1980 | (= Ulmus racemosa)
Zelkova serrata | ChoiLe2017

Urticaceae

Pellionia | Potaev1993
Urtica | GomezM1958b
Urtica dioica | Potaev1993 ZakOgaKo1964
Urtica urens | BatsanKaKi2017

Vitaceae

Vitis | KozarOs1987
Vitis rotundifolia | Stalaz2021
Vitis vinifera | Nuzzac1969 Balach1927 Danzig1980b GomezM1958b Jansen1995 Kozar1980 KozarGuBa1994 KozarOs1987 |

Foes:

Families: 15 | Genera: 33

Anthribidae

Anthribidae | TartanSoFu2023
Anthribus fasciatus | DervisDrGr2024
Anthribus nebulosus | Schmut1972a

Aphelinidae

Coccophagus | BasheeAsRa2014
Coccophagus cinguliventris | TrabanShLu2023
Coccophagus insidiator | Schmut1972a
Coccophagus lycimnia | BasheeAsRa2014 Schmut1972a
Coccophagus ochraceus | MyartsRuCo2004
Coccophagus perflavus | TrabanShLu2023
Coccophagus pulvinariae | TrabanShLu2023
Coccophagus scutellaris | TrabanShLu2023
Coccophagus shillongensis | DervisStGr2021
Encarsia | SengonUyKa1998
Encarsia gigas | DiSoraRoCo2024
Marietta picta | StathaKaDa2021

Ceraphronidae

Aphanogmus | TrabanShLu2023

Chamaemyiidae

Leucopis alticeps | StathaKaDa2021

Chrysopidae

Chrysoperla carnea | StathaKaDa2021

Coccinellidae

Chilocorus bipustulatus | Schmut1972a
Chilocorus renipustulatus | DervisDrGr2024
Coccinella septempunctata | DemiroKaJa2005
Exochomus quadripustulatus | DemiroKaJa2005 Schmut1972a
Harmonia axyridis | DervisDrGr2024
Thalassa montezumae | GiovanMaSa2024

Encyrtidae

Anagyrus schoenherri | DervisStMi2024
Blastothrix brittanica | TartanSoFu2023
Blastothrix longipennis | BasheeAsRa2014 Blahut1972 JaposhGaJa2008 TrabanShLu2023 | (= Blastothrix confusa)
Blastothrix sericea | TrabanShLu2023
Cheilopsis inca | Prinsl1983b
Diversinervus elegans | TrabanShLu2023
Encyrtus aurantii | MifsudFsMa2012
Encyrtus infelix | TartanSoFu2023
Encyrtus infidus | FallahJa2017
Gahaniella californica | TrabanShLu2023
Metablastothrix claripennis | TrabanShLu2023
Metaphycus | BasheeAsRa2014
Metaphycus annulipes | TrabanShLu2023
Metaphycus californicus | TrabanShLu2023
Metaphycus dispar | GuerriNo2000
Metaphycus fuscipennis | TrabanShLu2023
Metaphycus helvolus | TrabanShLu2023
Metaphycus insidiosus | StathaKaDa2021
Metaphycus johnsoni | TrabanShLu2023
Metaphycus maculipennis | TrabanShLu2023
Metaphycus melanostomatus | FallahJa2017
Metaphycus parthenolecanii | FallahJa2017
Metaphycus punctipes | Schmut1972a
Metaphycus rileyi | TrabanShLu2023
Metaphycus stanleyi | FallahJa2017
Metaphycus zebratus | DervisStMi2024
Microterys angustus | ZuLiWa2018
Microterys chalcostomus | Schmut1972a
Microterys lunatus | DemiroKaJa2005
Microterys nietneri | BasheeAsRa2014 | (= Microterys flavus)
Microterys nuticaudatus | FallahJa2017
Microterys sylvius | FallahJa2017 TrabanShLu2023
Plagiomerus | TrabanShLu2023
Syrphophagus taeniatus | TartanSoFu2023

Eulophidae

Anaprostocetus | TrabanShLu2023

Heterorhabditidae

Heterorhabditis bacteriophora | GrujicGrNj2021

Mymaridae

Anagrus armatus | TrabanShLu2023

Noctuidae

Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022
Eublemma scitulum | StathaKaDa2021

Ophiocordycipitaceae

Ophiocordyceps clavulata | TrabanShLu2023

Platygastridae

Synopeas | TrabanShLu2023

Pteromalidae

Pachyneuron | TrabanShLu2023
Pachyneuron eros | TrabanShLu2023
Pachyneuron muscarum | FallahJa2010 StathaKaDa2021
Scutellista caerulea | StathaKaDa2021 | (= Scutellista cyanea)

Steinernematidae

Steinernema carpocapsae | GrujicGrNj2021
Steinernema feltiae | GrujicGrNj2021

Associates:

Families: 3 | Genera: 3

Betaflexiviridae

GVA virus | HerrbaAlPr2017

Caulimoviridae

GRLDaV | JaguniDePr2022

Closteroviridae

GLRaV-1 | HerrbaAlPr2017
GLRaV-3 | BahderPoAl2013 HerrbaAlPr2017
GLRaV-4 | HerrbaAlPr2017

Geographic Distribution

Countries: 74

Afghanistan | CABI1999a

Albania | CABI1999a

Algeria | CABI1999a

Argentina | CABI1999a

Rio Negro | Granar1999
Tucuman | Granar1998 Granar1999

Armenia | TerGri1954 TerGri1956 TerGri1962 TerGri1966a

Australia

New South Wales | CABI1999a
South Australia | WardOnVa2023
Tasmania | CABI1999a
Victoria | CABI1999a

Austria | Boraty1955

Azerbaijan

Azerbaijan SSR | BenDov1993

Balearic Islands

Majorca | Balach1935b GomezM1946 GomezM1957 GomezM1958b GomezM1965

Belarus (=Belorussia) | CABI1999a

Belgium | CABI1999a

Brazil | BenDov1993

Bulgaria | Blahut1972a Kozar1985 KozarTzVi1979 Tschor1939

Canada | Cocker1895e Cocker1895x

Alberta | NewtonGlMa2011
British Columbia | Ferris1925 KozarHuFo1989
Nova Scotia | King1901f
Ontario | King1901f King1901j King1902d
Quebec | King1901j
Saskatchewan | BenDov1993

Canary Islands | BenDov1993

Chile | CarrilCiNe2001 KondoGu2010

Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020

China

Hunan | HuHeWa1992
Nei Monggol (=Inner Mongolia) | KondoGaWa2022
Shanghai | KondoGaWa2022
Shanxi (=Shansi) | Xie1998
Xinjiang Uygur (=Sinkiang) | LiangAiZh1999 YangLiXu2008

Corsica | CABI1999a

Croatia | Masten2007 Masten2007a

Cyprus | SismanUl2010

Czech Republic | Kozar1987

Denmark | BenDov1993

Egypt | CABI1999a Habib1955

Ethiopia | DeLott1959

Finland | CABI1999a

France | Foldi2000 Germai2011

Georgia (Republic of) | CABI1999a KozarYaKo1982

Germany | KingRe1901 LongoMaPe1995

Greece | Argyri1983 Kozar1985 Kozar1987 KozarPaPa1991 Santas1985

Hungary | Kozar1970 Kozar1980 Kozar1981 Kozar1987 KozarDr1993 KozarOrKo1977 KozarSu1979 KozarWa1986 | Kozar1991 KozarDr1988 KozarDr1991 KozarKiSa2004

India | CABI1999a

Bihar | CABI1999a
Jammu & Kashmir | CABI1999a

Iran | BenDov1993 Kaussa1957 Moghad2009

Ireland | OConnoGeMa2013

Israel | BenDovZaOp2000

Italy | LongoMaPe1995 Marott1987 | BenDov1993

Japan | Kawai1980

Hokkaido | CABI1999a
Honshu | CABI1999a
Shikoku | CABI1999a

Kazakhstan | BenDov1993

Kyrgyzstan (=Kirgizia) | BenDov1993

Latvia | Rasina1955

Lebanon | CABI1999a

Libya | CABI1999a | KondoGaWa2022

Lithuania | MalumpOsPy2009 MalumpOsPy2010

Luxembourg | CABI1999a GertssSc2020

Malta | Borg1932

Mexico | CABI1999a

Guanajuato | Cocker1899n

Moldova | KozarOs1987 MoglanMo1997a

Mongolia | CABI1999a

Montenegro | KondoGaWa2022

Netherlands | Jansen1995

New Zealand | CABI1999a HodgsoHe2000

North Korea | CABI1999a

Norway | CABI1999a

Pakistan | CABI1979c

Peru | CABI1999a

Poland | Kaweck1935 Koteja1971a Koteja1984e KotejaZa1966 KotejaZa1969 KotejaZa1983 ZakOgaKo1964

Portugal | KozarFr1995

Romania | FetykoKoDa2010 Kozar1985 Savesc1982

Russia | CABI1999a

Altay Kray | Danzig1986
Caucasus | Danzig1986
Primor'ye Kray | Danzig1986
Sakhalin Oblast | Danzig1986
St. Petersburg (=Leningrad) Oblast | Danzig1986
Volgograd Oblast | Gavril2004
Voronoezh Oblast | Gavril2003a

Serbia | CABI1999a DervisGr2023

Slovakia | CABI1999a

Slovenia | Janezi1954

South Korea | ESKSAE1994 KwonHa2003

Spain | CABI1999a

Sweden | Gertss2000 Gertss2001 Gertss2005

Switzerland | KozarGuBa1994

Syria | BasheeAsRa2014

Tajikistan (=Tadzhikistan) | Bazaro1971c

Turkey | EcevitIsYa1987 Kozar1987 KozarKoAk1979 KozarYaKo1982 SengonUyKa1998 UygunSeEr1998

Turkmenistan | Archan1930 Bustsh1960 Potaev1993

Ashkahabad Oblast | BenDov1993

Ukraine | BenDov1993

Kiev Oblast | CABI1979c
Odessa Oblast | CABI1979c

United Kingdom

England | Green1917a Green1920 Green1928 Green1930 Hodgso1994a Newste1900a
Northern Ireland | OConnoGeMa2013
Wales | CABI1999a

United States

California | BrownEa1966 Ferris1920b Hodgso1994a
Connecticut | King1903b
Florida | BenDov1993 HamonWi1984
Georgia | CABI1999a
Idaho | CABI1999a
Illinois | King1903b
Indiana | DietzMo1916a
Iowa | King1903b
Kansas | King1901a
Maine | King1901a King1901f
Massachusetts | King1901a King1901f
Michigan | CABI1999a
Minnesota | CABI1999a
New Mexico | CABI1999a
New York | Barnes1988 Cocker1895h Fitch1857b Fitch1857c Fitch1857e
Ohio | King1901a
Oregon | SchuhMo1948
Rhode Island | King1903b
Tennessee | BenDov1993
Texas | CABI1999a
Utah | CABI1999a
Virginia | CABI1999a
Washington | CABI1999a
West Virginia | CABI1999a

Uzbekistan | BenDov1993

Yugoslavia | Kozar1983a

Keys

Hodgso2020: pp.221-223 ( Adult (M) ) [Coccidae species]
KondoMoDi2018: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae associated with Rosmarinus]
ChoiLe2017: pp.102 ( Adult (F) ) [Species of Parthenolecanium in Korea]
KondoGu2010: pp.13-14 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae species of Chile]
HodgsoHe2000: pp.199 ( Adult (F) ) [New Zealand]
Granar1999: pp.117 ( Adult (F) ) [Argentina]
Granar1998: pp.151 ( Adult (F) ) [Argentina]
Koszta1996: pp.358 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
Tang1991: pp.189 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
Gill1988: pp.60 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
HamonWi1984: pp.71 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
Kawai1980: pp.160-162 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
WilliaKo1972: pp.70 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Virginia]
Borchs1957: pp.349 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]

Remarks

Systematics: GeneBank Accession No. AB439534 (Yokogawa & Yahara, 2009). Subfamily: Coccinae, Saissetini (Choi & Lee, 2019) Boratynski (1970) recorded material under the name Lecanium vini from the Signoret Collection deposited in the Natural History Museum, Vienna, which Signoret (1869b) synonymized with P. corni.
Structure: See colour photograph in Gill (1988), Kosztarab (1996) and Hodgson & Henderson (2000). Living appearance. Body oval to round, variable in shape and color, moderately to highly convex. Young adult females yellow to brown in color, distinctively with a longitudinal band on central dorsum surrounded by black mottling. Mature adult females dark brown in color, with rough dermal surface, sometimes with black stripes and spots. Eggs whitish or yellowish, stored under concave venter Diagnosis: Dermal areolations developed; dorsal tubercles and pocket-like sclerotisations present on submargin; dorsal setae of 2 sizes present; dorsal tubular ducts present; marginal setae usually with blunt apices; multilocular disc-pores with 10 loculi; ventral tubular ducts of 3 types present; each leg without a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis; antenna 6 or 7 segmented. (Choi & Lee, 2017)
Biology: Habib (1955b) described the behaviour of nymphal stages, based on nymphs taken off Rubus fructicosus in England. Canard (1958) dicussed and described the dispersal and within-tree movement of in Toulouse, southern France. Saakyan-Baranova et al. (1971) the taxonomy, intra-specific variation of taxonomic characters, life history. and parasitoids. Life history studied and outlined by: Blattny & Novicky (1926) in Czech Republic; Schmutterer (1954 - Germany; Habib (1955b) England; Canard (1959a, 1958b) France; Peterson (1960) (as Lecanium coryli) Saskatchewan, Canada; Dziedzicka (1968) Poland; Saakyan-Baranova et al. (1971) Russia; Gonzalez (1989) Chile; Suter (1950) Switzerland; Santas (1958) Greece. Develop one annual generation on fibret, Coryllus avellana in Greece (Santas, 1985); on hazelnut in Turkey (Ecevil, et al. (1987); France (Canard, 1958); England (Thomsen, 1927, 1929). Life history in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia in Camacho, et al., 2017. Life history in Serbia in Dervišević, et al., 2023.
Economic Importance: Natural enemies listed by Borchsenius (1957). Lagowska (1984) recorded this species as the most important scale pest of fruit trees in Poland. Komarek (1946) studied the physilogical damage to ash tree in Czech Republic. This species, under laboratory conditions in Italy, transmitted Grapevine Leafroll Virus (Belli et al., 1994), and Grapevine Leafroll Virus 1 (Fortusini et al., 1997). Santas (1985) reported from Greece that honeydew of this species is collected by honeybees for honey production. Transmission experiments with vineyard-sampled viruliferous nymphs showed that P. corni is a vector of GLRaV 1 and GVA but not of GLRaV 3, and that GVA was predominantly transmitted along with GLRaV 1 and rarely alone. Globally, P. corni has not been shown as a vector of GLRaV 3, with the exception of a report from Washington State, USA, suggesting the existence of genetic variants of GLRaV 3 or/and P. corni. Indeed, GLRaV 3 shows a wide genetic variability and vector transmission can be affected by the virus genotype (Hommay, et al., 2022)
General Remarks: Good description and illustration of adult female by Williams & Kosztarab (1972), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Kosztarab & Kozar (1988), Tang (1991), Hodgson (1994a), Granara de Willink (1999) and by Hodgson & Henderson (2000).

Illustrations

Citations

AbdElKDaKo1988: biological control, chemical control, 270-275
AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
AhmedApKa2023: virus transmission, 741
AlShamQu2024: natural enemies, 2
AlfordLo1989: distribution, host, 323
AlmeidDaBe2013: Grapevine leafroll disease transmission, 3
AmouroCrCo2019: distribution, natural enemies, 12
AmouroCrGe2017: DNA sequencing, parthenogenesis, phenology, 2-9
Archan1930: distribution, host, 79
Argyri1983: distribution, host, 365
ArmourScan1991: distribution, economic importance, host, 31-33
ArnaouOlKu2006: biological control, distribution, host, 105-109
AskariCo1976: biological control, distribution, host, 1-5
AyazUlOz2015: distribution,
Babaia1987: distribution, economic importance, host, 134
BahderPoAl2013: distribution, economic importance, host, molecular data, 1292-1298
Balach1927: distribution, host, 185
Balach1932d: distribution, host, taxonomy, xxviii
Balach1935b: distribution, host, 263
BalachMe1935: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 716-727
Barnes1988: distribution, host, taxonomy, 103-104
Bartle1969: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 875-878
Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 62-63
BartleBa1966: biological control, life history, physiology, 42-45
BasheeAsRa2014: biological control, distribution, host, 48-52
BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 255
Bazaro1971c: distribution, host, 89-90
Beingo1969d: biological control, distribution, host, 827-838
BelliFoCa1994: distribution, economic importance, host, 105-108
BenDov1976b: taxonomy, 115-116
BenDov1993: catalog, 219
BenDov1993: catalog, 214-219
BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 26, 44
BenDovZaOp2000: distribution, host, 142-143
Blahut1972: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 1-113
Blahut1973: biological control, distribution, host, 353-370
Blahut1973a: biological control, distribution, host, 157-193
Blahut1977: biological control, distribution, host, 1-130
BlattnNo1926: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 1-91
BoniecPi2004: economic importance, survey, 5-9
Boraty1955: distribution, host, 67
Boraty1970a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 68
Borchs1939a: taxonomy, 43
Borchs1950b: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 147-148
Borchs1957: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 356-370
Borg1919: distribution, host, 36
Borg1932: distribution, host, 14
Bouche1844: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 298
Bouron1987: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 34
Boyce1955: distribution, economic importance, host, 48-49
Britti1940: taxonomy, 410-412
BrooksHaSm1989: distribution, economic importance, host, 513
BrownEa1966: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 8-11
Buchne1953: structure, taxonomy, 211-215
Buchne1965: structure, taxonomy, 234-235
Bustsh1960: distribution, host, 170
CABI1999a: distribution,
CamachCh2015: host, life history, 4, 8, 10, 12
CamachCh2015: distribution, host, 8
CamachChBr2017: economic control, life history, 1668-1675
CamachChBr2018: biological control, natural enemies, 1-11
CamposSa1983: distribution, economic importance, host, 9
Canard1958: distribution, host, life history, 293-296
Canard1958a: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 185-271
Carles1985: control, taxonomy, 30-31
CarrilCiNe2001: distribution, host, life history, 110-113
CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 210-211
Cendan1937: biological control, 337-339
CharleCoMu2005: distribution, host, 1-4
ChoiLe2017: description, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, 102
ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
CiampoGu2003: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 81-85
CiftciBo2021: distribution, host, 236
Cocker1893g: taxonomy, 54
Cocker1895e: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 59-60
Cocker1895h: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 381-382
Cocker1895x: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 253-254
Cocker1896b: distribution, 331-333
Cocker1898q: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 322
Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 393, 394
Cocker1899n: distribution, host, 14
Cocker1901c: taxonomy, 92
Cocker1905e: taxonomy, 129
Craw1891: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 12-13
DahlstHa1999: economic importance, 919-933
Danzig1972: distribution, host, 203-204
Danzig1978: distribution, host, 15-16
Danzig1980b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 270-272
Danzig1985: distribution, taxonomy, 111
Danzig1994: distribution, host, 47
Danzig1995: life history, structure, taxonomy, 19-24
DanzigKe1981a: taxonomy, 147-152
DavidsDiFl1991: chemical control, 1-47
DavoodTaFa2004: biological control, distribution, 51-66
DawadiSa2023: biological control, ecology,
DeGraaSiSn1862: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 94
DeLott1959: distribution, taxonomy, 153
DelBen1991: distribution, host, life history, 1-13
DemiroKaJa2005: biological control, distribution, host, 223-230
DervisDrGr2024: biological control, natural enemies, 252, 254-257
DervisGr2019: biological control, natural enemies,
DervisGr2023: biology, distribution, host, illustration,
DervisStGr2021: natural enemies, 2
DervisStMi2024: natural enemies, 3,18,20,21,22,23,24
DeveliMuKa2018: distribution, host, taxonomy, 6-7
DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 256-258
Dougla1890c: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 318
DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 114
Dreist1996: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, taxonomy, 481-487
DreistClFl1994: control, description, economic importance, life history, taxonomy,
Dubrov1959: distribution, host, life history, 1366-1374
DumasVa1950: chemical control, 235-245
Dziedz1968: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 142-152
Dziedz1988: distribution, host, 95-96
DziedzSe1967: structure, taxonomy, 25-31
ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 112
Ebelin1938: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 613-631
EcevitIsYa1987: biological control, chemical control, host, 1-34
Egger1990: biological control, 27-28
Ehrhor1898: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 244-246
ElekciKa2021: distribution, host, 7
ElmerEwCa1951: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 593-597
FallahJa2010: natural enemies, 301-303
FallahJa2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 13, 20. 21, 23, 33
Fernal1903b: catalog, 180-191,195-198
Ferris1920b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 36
Ferris1925: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 232-234
FetykoKoDa2010: distribution, host, 298
Fitch1857b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 427
Fitch1857c: distribution, host, 436
Fitch1857e: distribution, host, 473
FlaherWi1999: biological control, 853-869
Foldi2000: distribution, host, 82
FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
FortusScPr1999: distribution, economic importance, host, 121-122
FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 2,6,22
GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
GantneGoGa2003: chemical control, distribution, host, 12-13
GantneMe2001: distribution, host, 469-477
Gavril2003a: distribution, host, 112-113
Gavril2004: distribution, host, 527
GelovaKh1983: taxonomy,
Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
Gertso2016: dispersal, distribution, host, 152
Gertss2000: distribution, host, 150
Gertss2001: distribution, 123-130
Gertss2005: distribution, host, 38
GertssSc2020: distribution, 133
Giliom1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 108-113
Gill1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 60-66
GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
Gimmin1934: taxonomy, 41-42
GiurcaToMu2024: economic importance, 302
GomezM1937: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 274-278
GomezM1946: distribution, host, 88
GomezM1954: distribution, host, 136
GomezM1957: distribution, host, 63
GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 87-91
GomezM1960O: distribution, host, 183
GomezM1965: distribution, host, 112
Gonzal1983RH: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 55-59
Gonzal1989: chemical control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 86-89
Gonzal2016: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, life cycle, nymph, taxonomy, 42, 196, 207-212
Gradoj1933: control,
Granar1998: distribution, host, taxonomy, 151
Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 118-119
GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
Green1917a: distribution, host, 202
Green1920: distribution, host, 125
Green1928: distribution, host, 5
Green1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 12-14
GrujicGrNj2021: biological control, natural enemies,
GullanCo2007: taxonomy, 413-425
Gundel1984: chemical control, distribution, host, 180
Habib1955: taxonomy, 70-72
Habib1955b: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 229-249
Habib1956: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 119-126
Habib1956a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 453-462
Habib1957a: description, distribution, ecology, host, illustration, taxonomy, 381-410
HabiliKoLi2007: virus, virus transmission,
Hadzib1983: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 138-140
HamonWi1984: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 71-73
HashimHiMu1971: chemistry, 100-109
Hellri2004: distribution, host, 85
HerrbaAlPr2017: GVA virus, 485, 489
HodgesBr2004: ecology, host, life history, 611-622
HodgesHo2001: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 312-314
Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 449-453
Hodgso2020: key, 222
HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 199-201,206-207
Hoffma2002: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, life history, 1-164
Hoffma2006: ecology, host, life history, 199-205
HohnHoLa2004: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 6-10
HommayBeHe2022a: virus transmission,
HommayKoLe2008: GVA virus, economic importance, vector, 185-188
HommayWiCh2018: GLRV, dispersal, virus transmission, 372-387
HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 187
Hunter1899a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 67
IPMW1987: control, economic importance,
JalilvShVa2013: natural enemies, 301
Janezi1954: distribution, host, 126
Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134,141
Jansen2001: distribution, host, 197-206
JansenAl2023: disease transmission, dispersal, host, 23,32
JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 63
JaposhGaJa2008: biological control, distribution, host, 53-56
JohnsoLy1988: distribution, economic importance, host,
Jones1910: chemical control, distribution, 147-160
KakhorZoSo2024: DNA sequencing, distribution, molecular biology, phylogeny,
Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 2
Kawai1972: distribution, host, 112
Kawai1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 163
Kaweck1935: distribution, host, taxonomy, 82-88
Kaweck1958: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 1-63
Kaweck1965a: distribution, host, structure, taxonomy, 205-211
KaydanKo2010: distribution, host, 204-210
KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 92
KaydanUlTo2002: distribution, host, 253-257
KeskinOzCi2022: distribution, host, taxonomy, 246
King1899d: distribution, host, 252
King1901a: distribution, host, 109
King1901f: distribution, host, 194-196
King1901j: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 334-336
King1902d: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 158-159
King1903b: distribution, host, 192-193
KingRe1901: distribution, host, 59-63
Kiritc1928: distribution, host, 113
Kiritc1931: distribution, host, 317
Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 255-256
Kiritc1935: distribution, host, 2
Kiritc1936: distribution, 72
Kiritc1940: distribution, host, life history, 119
Kloft1960: ecology, host, 337-381
Kohler2009a: distribution, host, 25
KohlerEi2005: distribution, host, 163
KohlerEi2006: distribution, host, 15
Komare1946: distribution, economic importance, host, 156-165
Komeil1981a: distribution, host, 1-6
Komosi1977: distribution, host, 22
KondoGaWa2022: diagnosis, distribution, host, natural enemies, taxonomy, 290-291
KondoGu2010: distribution, 13
KondoGu2022: economic importance, 5
KondoMoDi2018: host, key, 381-382
KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 11
Korcha1987: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 58-59
Koszta1987: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 218
Koszta1996: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 358-361
KosztaKo1978: distribution, host, taxonomy, 116
KosztaKo1988F: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 218-221
Koteja1971a: distribution, host, 324
Koteja1974b: structure, taxonomy, 81
Koteja1980: structure, taxonomy, 74
Koteja1984e: distribution, host, 676
Koteja2000a: distribution, host, taxonomy, 172
KotejaPyVo2003: structure, taxonomy, 254
KotejaZa1966: distribution, host, 327
KotejaZa1969: distribution, host, 366
KotejaZa1983: distribution, host, 482
Kozar1970: distribution, host, 230
Kozar1975: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 1-24
Kozar1976a: distribution, economic importance, host, 35-47
Kozar1979a: distribution, economic importance, host, 135
Kozar1980: distribution, host, 68
Kozar1981: distribution, host, 90
Kozar1983a: distribution, host, 146
Kozar1985: distribution, host, 203
Kozar1987: distribution, host, 100
Kozar1989: distribution, economic importance, host, 176-177
Kozar1991: distribution, host, 82
Kozar1995: distribution, economic importance, host, 317
Kozar1999a: distribution, host, 140
KozarBrLe1988: distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 85-94
KozarDr1988: distribution, host, 208
KozarDr1991: distribution, host, 363
KozarDr1993: distribution, host, 74
KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
KozarFr1995: distribution, host, 71
KozarGuBa1994: distribution, host, 154
KozarHuFo1989: distribution, host, 74
KozarKiSa2004: distribution, 59
KozarKo2002b: distribution, host, 376
KozarKoAk1979: distribution, economic importance, host, 535-542
KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 53
KozarOrKo1977: distribution, host, 72-73
KozarOs1987: distribution, host, 93
KozarPaPa1991: distribution, host, 65
KozarSu1979: distribution, host, 235
KozarSzFe2013: distribution, list of species, 83, 95, 110, 129, 147, 166, 187, 200
KozarTzVi1979: distribution, host, 130
KozarVi1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 391-402
KozarWa1985: catalog, distribution, 78
KozarWa1986: distribution, host, 116
KozarYaKo1982: biological control, distribution, host, 333-338
Kozarz1992: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 73-77
KozarzRe1975: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 19-20
KreiteAuGe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 141, 143
KuntzmGe2013: distribution, host,
Kuwana1901: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 402
KwonHa2003: distribution, host, 279-288
KwonHaCh2005: distribution, host, 53-60
LabanoSoCh2003: chemical control, 99-109
LafonCoHu1961: economic importance, 37-43
Lagows1984: distribution, economic importance, host, 9-17
Lagows1986: distribution, host, 476
Lagows1986a: distribution, host, 176-178
Lagows1987: biological control, distribution, host, 383-398
Lagows1987a: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 131-144
Lagows1998a: distribution, host, 63-71
LagowsGa2001: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 1-2,36
LagowsGo2020: distribution, 68
LagowsKo1996: distribution, host, 32
LambdiWa1980: distribution, host, 79
Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy,
LeMaguFuCh2013: economic importance, host, 416
LedieuHeDe1989: economic importance, 405
Lellak1966: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 303-304
Lindin1912b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 53,64,73,83
LongoMaPe1995: distribution, 123
Lozzia1985: distribution, host, 122-124
MacPheMa1971: biological control, 312-328
Malump2011a: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 50,52-53
MalumpBa2012: distribution, 21
MalumpOs2008: distribution, host, 108
MalumpOsPy2009: distribution, host, 122
MalumpOsPy2010: distribution, host, 255-256
Marcha1908: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 264-285
Marcha1908a: taxonomy, 278-281
Marott1987: distribution, host, life history, 106
Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 72-73
Marucc1966: control, economic importance, 99-235
Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
Masten2007a: distribution, host, life history, 33-38
Masten2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 357-368
MastenSiKo2007: distribution, host, life history, 326-329
Mateso1968: distribution, host, 119
MatilePe2002: distribution, host, 355
Matvie1983: chemical control, distribution, host, 25
McLeod1954: biological control, distribution, host, 19-27
Michel1962: biological control, ecology, 694-697
MichelHi1957: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 15-18
MichelHi1957a: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 7-8
MichelHi1958: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, 427-431
MichelOr1958: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, taxonomy, 46-57
MifsudFsMa2012: natural enemies, 17
MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 504
Miller1999: chemical control, 14
MillerWi1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 350
MiloseGr2023: host,
MiticM1962a: biological control, distribution, host, 611-614
MiticM1964: biological control, 359-378
Moghad2009: distribution, host, taxonomy, 9
Moghad2013a: distribution, host, 11
Moglan2000: biological control, distribution, host, 133-139
MoglanMo1997a: biological control, distribution, host, 39-44
MongueMaGr2024: phylogenetics, 3
Myarts1984: biological control, distribution, 23-30
MyartsRuCo2004: natural enemies, 143
Neves1936: distribution, host, 204
Newste1892: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 141-142
Newste1900a: distribution, host, life history, 23-24
Nuzzac1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 9-36
OConnoGeMa2013: distribution, host, 33, 37
Ossian1959: distribution, host, 196
Paik1978: description, distribution, host, taxonomy,
Patter1966: chemical control, distribution, host, 1430-1435
Pelliz1989: distribution, host, 570
PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,71
PettitMc1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 12-14
PicketPuLe1958: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 169-174
PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 27
PoojarBoDe2017: GLRV, Grapevine leafroll disease transmission, 2088-2097
Potaev1993: distribution, host, 35-38
Prinsl1983b: biological control, distribution, host, 101-105
Quayle1911e: biological control, distribution, host, 510-515
RakimoBeWh2013: economic importance, 371
Rasina1955: distribution, host, 70-71
Rasina1959: distribution, host, 111
RauppHoSa2001: distribution, host, 203
Reh1903: distribution, host, taxonomy, 408,411-414
Rehace1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 54-55
Reyne1957: distribution, host, 14
Richar1958: distribution, host, taxonomy, 306-308
Russo1956: distribution, host, 181-190
RzaevaYa1985: biological control, distribution, host, 55-58
SaakyaSuSh1971: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 1-166
Sander1906: catalog, 9
Sander1909: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 443-445
Sander1910: taxonomy, 60
Santas1985: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 53-58
Savesc1943: life history, taxonomy, 212-223
Savesc1944: distribution, host, taxonomy, 7-15
Savesc1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 117-118
Savesc1982: biological control, description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 286-293
Schimi1944: distribution, host, 268
Schmut1952: distribution, host, life history, 546-547
Schmut1952b: distribution, host, 18
Schmut1954: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63-72
Schmut1972a: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 408-411
Schmut1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 51
SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, 40-41, 85
SchuhMo1948: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, 38
Seabra1941: distribution, 8
Seabra1942: distribution, host, 2
Seljak2010: distribution, host, 105
SengonUyKa1998: biological control, distribution, host, 128-131
SentenKu2003: distribution, host, 247-252
SforzaBoGr2003: distribution, economic importance, host, virus, 975-981
SforzaGr2000: distribution, economic importance, host, 46-50
ShirazVaMi2013: distribution, host, 1382
Signor1869: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 850,869
Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 404-405,417-420
SilvaMaSa2016: life cycle, morphology, reproduction, 215-217
Simon2012: description, host, illustration, physiology, taxonomy, 269-281
SimonKa2011: distribution, 238
SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 219-224
SkalskNiPo2018: chemical control, 251-252
SobiroZoQa2024: distribution, host, 131
SobiroZoQa2024: distribution, host, 131
SoikaLa2003: distribution, host, 89-97
Soroki1973: biological control, 599-609
Stalaz2014: distribution, list,
Stalaz2021: distribution, host, 453
StathaKaDa2021: distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, 55-56
StepanLa2006: taxonomy, 293-301
StepanLa2006: taxonomy, 293-301
StepanRaLa2008: taxonomy, 73-74
Suh2020: distribution, host, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 13, 15-22
SuhSo2017: host, list of species, 3
Sulc1908: taxonomy, 36
Sulc1932: taxonomy, 64
SupranMa2004: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 236-243
Suter1950: distribution, host, life history, 95-103
SzitaFeBe2017: distribution, host, 468
SzklarMiGr2021: endosymbiont,
Szulcz1926: distribution, host, 137-143
Szulcz1931: distribution, host, 124-135
Szulcz1949: distribution, host, 219-224
Takaha1955a: distribution, host, 72
Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 82-83
Tang1984b: distribution, host, 126
Tang1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 189-192
TangLi1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 87-91,92
TartanSoFu2023: DNA, biological control, host, natural enemies, taxonomy,
Teodor2018: distribution, history, host, 40, 50
TerGri1954: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63-64
TerGri1956: biological control, chemical control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 37-39
TerGri1962: distribution, host, 137-138
TerGri1966a: distribution, host, 371-372
Terezn1963: distribution, host, 183-191
Terezn1963a: distribution, host, 52
Terezn1963b: distribution, host, 155
Terezn1963c: distribution, host, 1528
Terezn1966: distribution, host, 30
Terezn1981: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 168-173
Thiem1932: life history, physiology, 488-492
Thiem1933: life history, physiology, 294-324
Thiem1933b: life history, physiology, 492-493
Thomse1927: distribution, host, life history,
Thomse1929: distribution, host, life history, 18-24
Thro1903: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 212
Timber1924a: biological control, 223-251
TrabanShLu2023: biological control, entomopathogenic fungi, illustration, natural enemies,
Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 241-243
TrenchTo2014: distribution, 68
Tsalev1965: biological control, distribution, host, 25
Tschor1939: distribution, host, 89
Tyrell1896: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 268
Ulgent2001a: biological control, distribution, host, 145-149
Ulgent2003: structure, 393-398
UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
UlgentCoOz2020: honeydew, host, 4
UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 485
UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S117
UlgentKaKo2013: distribution, host, 28
UlgentTo2001: distribution, host, 213-217
UygunSeEr1998: distribution, host, 183-191
Valent1963: biological control, 6-13
Valent1967: biological control, 1100
VarnerMaLu2001: distribution, economic importance, host, 143-150
Varshn1992: distribution, taxonomy, 96
Vicido2007: distribution, host, 1-7
Voukas1932: distribution, economic importance, host, 679-691
Wang1980: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 48
WardOnVa2023: distribution, genetics, host,
WatsonLaLa1994: distribution, host, 227
WeidneWa1968: taxonomy, 176
Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 224
Willia2015: taxonomy, 582
Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 206, 207, 214
WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 18,41,45,48
WilliaKo1972: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 76-82
Wise1977: distribution, host, 105
Woodwo1903: taxonomy, 35
WuXu2022: illustration, 172
Xie1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 60-63
XieXuZh2004a: chemistry, 512-518
XieXuZh2006a: chemistry, morphology, wax secretion, 21-153
Yang1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 178-179
YangLiXu2008: distribution, host, key, 276-278, 281
YigitTu2020: distribution, economic importance, host,
YokogaYa2009: genebank, molecular data, phylogeny, 57-66
Zaitse1984: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 54-55
ZakOgaKo1964: distribution, host, 429
ZuLiWa2018: natural enemies,