Valid Names Results

Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan, 2013 (Kuwaniidae: Kuwania)

Nomenclatural History

• Kuwania quercus; Gill 1986: 228. misidentification
• Kuwania raygilli Wu & Gullan 2013: 300-305. Type data: USA: California, Yolo Co., Davis, University of California campus, near Academic Surge Building, on the bark of Quercus lobata, 5/2/2012, by R.J. Gill. Holotype, female, by subsequent designation Type depository: Davis: The Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, California, USA; accepted valid name

Common Names

• Kuwana oak scale WuNaGu2013
• Cochinilla roja del roble GullanKo2022
• Kuwana oak scale GullanKo2022
• oak red scale insect GullanKo2022

Ecological Associates

Hosts:

Families: 1 | Genera: 2

Geographic Distribution

Keys

• WuNaGu2013: pp.295 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species of Kuwania based on adult females]

Remarks

• Systematics: GenBank Accession No. COI KC417340 (Wu, et al., 2013)

  From their illustrations and descriptions, it is inferred that the material used by Ferris (1950) and Kawai (1980) belongs to K. quercus. In contrast, the material described by Morrison (1928) and Gill (1993) is not K. quercus. Based on morphological and molecular study, Wu and Gullan concluded that the Californian specimens that were described and illustrated as K. quercus by Gill is a new species, K. raygilli Wu & Gullan. (Wu, et al., 2013) The adult female of K. raygilli is very similar to that of K. bipora Borchsenius, but can be distinguished by having (condition in (Wu, et al., 2013) in parentheses): (i) each large type of multilocular disc pore with 8–10 outer loculi, usually 10 (7 or 8 outer loculi, usually 8); (ii) each small type of multilocular disc pore with 5–7 outer loculi, usually 7 (6 or 7 outer loculi, usually 6). Despite these apparently small morphological differences, K. raygilli and K bipora are as different genetically from each other as each differs from K. quercus. (Gullen & Kondo in T. Kondo & G. Watson, 20022)

• Structure: Bright red, with a dorsal mass of white waxen threads. Colour photograph of adult female and cyst given by Gill (1993) Body elongate-oval, somewhat broadened toward posterior apex. Derm membranous with segments distinct. Eyes present, mouthparts wanting. Antennae placed close together on apex of head but without contiguous bases, 9 segmented. (Wu, et al., 2013)
• Biology: Adult females and nymphs of various instars have been collected in different years in every month from March to July and in November, and immature males in at least March (based on dates of collections in the California State Collection of Arthropods, CDFA, Sacramento, and those of PJG from Yolo and Napa counties). Thus, either more than one generation occurs in the warmer months, or development varies depending on climatic conditions of the collection site and year-to-year variation in temperature. Also, it is possible that adult females are long lived in California and produce offspring over an extended period. (Wu, et al., 2013)
• Economic Importance: Kuwania raygilli is a minor pest of oaks and probably American chestnuts. It can cause extensive roughening and exfoliation of the bark of Q. douglasii, resulting in exposure of the underlying tissue, which becomes discoloured and blackish. (Gullen & Kondo in T. Kondo & G. Watson, 20022)
• General Remarks: Detailed description and illustrations of first instar nymph, intermediate-stage female and adult female in Wu, et al., 2013.

Illustrations

Citations