Valid Names Results
Dysmicoccus Ferris, 1950 (Pseudococcidae)Nomenclatural History
- Dysmicoccus Ferris 1950b: 53. Type species: Dactylopius brevipes Cockerell by original designation . accepted valid name
- Ferrisicoccus Ezzat & McConnell 1956: 31. Type species: Ferrisicoccus angustus Ezzat and McConnell by original designation . junior synonym (discovered by ZhangWaWa2023: 129) Notes: Previously a subjective synonym of Paraputo in Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2015, p. 27.
- Kaicoccus Takahashi 1958: 5. Type species: Pseudococcus kaiensis Kanda by original designation . junior synonym (discovered by DanzigGa2015: 27) Notes: Previously a subjective synonym of Paraputo in Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2015, p. 27.
- Dysnicoccus Martin Mateo 1985: 91;. . misspelling of genus name
- Parkermicus Khalid & Shafee 1988: 31. Type species: Parkermicus polyanosetosus Khalid and Shafee by monotypy and original designation . junior synonym (discovered by Willia2004a: 160)
- Ferrsiscoccus Tang 1992: 277;. . misspelling of genus name
- ysmicoccus Moghaddam 2009: 34;. . misspelling of genus name Notes: Misspelling of 'ysmicoccus' for 'Dysmicoccus'.
- Dysmicocus Granara de Willink 2009: 83;. . misspelling of genus name Notes: Published as Dysmicocus varius.
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Pseudococcinae (Choi & Lee, 2022)
Danzig (1980b) regarded Ferrisicoccus a subjective synonym of Dysmicoccus, because she interpreted that the former differed from the latter only in having more than two spines on the anal lobe cerarius. However, the species of Dysmicoccus do not possess an anal-lobe bar, which is present in species of Ferisicoccus, and the cerarri in Dysmicoccus species are with auxiliary setae. Danzig (1980b) regarded Kaicoccus a subjective synonym of Dysmicoccus. Based on a molecular study in Spain, Betra, et al., 2012 concluded that the presence of two Dysmicoccus species among the Pseudococcus species suggests that these two genera are paraphyletic. The molecular phylogenetic analysis on mealybugs conducted in Tanaka, Sasaki, et al. showed that the genus Dysmicoccus is not a simple monophyletic group but forms a single large clade with several other genera, such as Pseudococcus Westwood 1840, Trionymus Berg 1899, Paraputo Laing 1929, etc., so the current (2022) definition of Dysmicoccus is probably arbitrary.
Recent authors (Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2015; Williams, 2004a) disagree about the use of the anal bar and anal ring as generic characters in the classification of Formicococcus, Kaicoccus and Paraputo. Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin (2015) reject the use of the presence of the anal barir as a generic character state because of its variability and use the presence of more than 6 setae in the anal ring as a critical generic character state. Williams (2005) rejects the use of more than 6 setae in the anal ng as a generic character state and follows the use of the presence of an anal bar as important consistent with the use of previous authors (Ezzat & McConnell 1956; Cox 1989; McKenzie 1967). He supports his hypothesis by discussing examples of specimens that have more than 6 setae on one side of the anal ring and 6 on the other. ScaleNet has been fairly consistent in incorporating the decisions of the most recent publication which in this case would be Zhang, Wang and Watson, 2023. Zhang & Wu, 2017, have questioned this definition. Tanaka (2022) also stated that their (Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin) taxonomic treatment appears to be ... erroneous, and those species with anal lobe bars that they moved into Paraputo should be returned to their previous generic assignments. Therefore, we have moved these two genera back into synonymy with Dysmicoccus. It is clear that a more detailed study is required to better understand the importance of such character states, in particular using a combination of molecular and morphological characters.
- Structure: Body elongate oval to broadly oval, membranous. Antennae each with 8 segments. Legs well developed, claw without a denticle. (Moghaddam & Watson, 2022)
- General Remarks: Definition and characters by Ferris (1950b, 1953a), Balachowsky (1953d), McKenzie (1967), Danzig (1980b), Williams (1960, 1970, 1985), Miller & McKenzie (1973), Paik (1978), Kawai (1980), Cox (1987), Kosztarab & Kozár (1988F), Williams & Watson (1988a), Williams & Granara de Willink (1992), Kosztarab (1996), Williams (2004a) and by Granara de Willink (2009).
Keys
- ZarkanErAp2023: pp.158 ( Adult (F) ) [Mealybug genera in Indonesia]
- ZarkanFeDj2023: pp.4 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcidae on citrus in Indonesia]
- MoghadWa2022: pp.20-22 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcidae in Iran]
- DubeyKaJo2022: pp.511 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcidae infesting Areca catechu in Karnataka]
- AmouroZa2021: pp.3-4 ( Adult (F) ) [mealybug genera of Chile]
- PachecKaSi2019: pp.529 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera on annonaceous plants]
- DongZhWu2017: pp.594-595 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcinae in China] Key as: Ferrisicoccus
- DongZhWu2017: pp.594-595 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcinae in China]
- PachecKaGe2016a: pp.65-66 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to Pseudococcinae genera occurring on fruit trees and in vineyards in Brazil]
- Moghad2013: pp.7-8 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to genera of Iranian Pseudococcidae based on adult female morphology]
- Granar2009: pp.14-16 ( Adult (F) ) [Dysmicoccus species of Neotropical region]
- Willia2004a: pp.44 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of southern Asia]
- Willia2004a: pp.161-163 ( Adult (F) ) [Dysmicoccus species of southern Asia]
- KwonDaPa2003a: pp.394 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of Korea]
- KwonDaPa2003a: pp.394 ( Adult (F) ) [Genera of Korea]
- Millar2002: pp.189-195 ( Adult (F) ) [Pseudococcidae genera of South Africa]
- RussoMa1997a: pp.154-155 ( Adult (F) ) [Dysmicoccus species of Italy]
- Koszta1996: pp.99-100 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- Tang1992: pp.188, 277 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic and Oriental regions]
- Tang1992: pp.192-193 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic & Oriental regions]
- WilliaGr1992: pp.130-132 ( Adult (F) ) [Central and South America]
- WilliaGr1992: pp.43 ( Adult (F) ) [Central and South America]
- Danzig1988: pp.697 ( Adult (F) ) [Far East of Russia]
- Danzig1988: pp.703-704 ( Adult (F) ) [species Far East of Russia]
- WilliaWa1988a: pp.20 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific Region]
- AvasthSh1987: pp.15 ( Adult (F) ) [species India]
- AvasthSh1987: pp.4 ( Adult (F) ) [India]
- Cox1987: pp.43-44 ( Adult (F) ) [species New Zealand]
- Cox1987: pp.14 ( Adult (F) ) [New Zealand]
- AvasthSh1986a: pp.435 ( Adult (F) ) [species India]
- KotejaLa1986: pp.382 ( Adult (F) ) [species Palaearctic region]
- Willia1985: pp.107-109 ( Adult (F) ) [Australia]
- Willia1985: pp.38 ( Adult (F) ) [Australia]
- Wang1982TC: pp.21 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- Wang1982ZQ: pp.36-37 ( Adult (F) ) [species China]
- Yang1982: pp.84-86 ( Adult (F) ) [species China]
- Danzig1980b: pp.169 ( Adult (F) ) [Far East Russia]
- Kawai1980: pp.102 ( Adult (F) ) [species Japan]
- DeLott1977: pp.29 ( Adult (F) ) [species South Africa]
- MillerMc1973: pp.503-506 ( Adult (F) ) [species North America]
- McKenz1967: pp.47 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- McKenz1967: pp.156-158 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Beards1966: pp.405 ( Adult (F) ) [Federated States of Micronesia]
- Beards1965c: pp.57 ( Adult (F) ) [species Dysmicoccus brevipes complex]
- Beards1965c: pp.57 ( Adult (F) ) [World]
- McKenz1964: pp.230-231 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- McKenz1962: pp.643-644 ( Adult (F) ) [species North America]
- Willia1962: pp.21 ( Adult (F) ) [Britain]
- Ezzat1960b: pp.40 ( Adult (F) ) [species Egypt]
- Balach1953d: pp.1047 ( Adult (F) ) [Senegal]
- Ferris1953a: pp.285 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Ferris1953a: pp.332 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Ferris1950b: pp.22 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
- Ferris1950b: pp.54-55 ( Adult (F) ) [North America]
Associated References
- Afifi1968: taxonomy, pp. 139
- AmouroZa2021: key, pp. 4
- Balach1953d: description, taxonomy, pp. 1046-1047
- Beards1966: taxonomy, pp. 407
- BenDov1994: pp. 119, 168, 205
- BenDov1994: pp. 287
- BenDov1999: catalog, taxonomy, pp. 380
- Cox1987: description, taxonomy, pp. 43-44, 49
- Danzig1980b: description, taxonomy, pp. 110, 169
- Danzig2009: taxonomy, pp. 386-390
- DanzigGa2015: taxonomy, pp. 50,
- DanzigGa2015: description, distribution, key, taxonomy, pp. 67-71
- DeLott1964: key, taxonomy, pp. 349
- DeLott1969: taxonomy, pp. 5
- DongZhWu2017: key, pp. 595
- EzzatMc1956: description, taxonomy, pp. 31
- Ferris1950b: description, taxonomy, pp. 53-54
- Ferris1953a: description, taxonomy, pp. 332
- Granar2009: description, taxonomy, pp. 11-95
- GranarScTe1997: economic importance, taxonomy, pp. 97
- Kawai1980: description, taxonomy, pp. 103, 113
- KhalidSh1988: description, taxonomy, pp. 31
- Koszta1996: description, taxonomy, pp. 77, 79, 98-100, 126
- KosztaKo1988F: description, taxonomy, pp. 92-94
- KotejaLa1986: taxonomy, pp. 381
- KotejaZa1979: taxonomy, pp. 671-672
- KwonDaPa2003a: taxonomy, pp. 394,404
- LaPollBuBr2008: taxonomy, pp. 55-56
- McKenz1960: description, taxonomy, pp. 706-707
- McKenz1962: taxonomy, pp. 643
- McKenz1964: taxonomy, pp. 230
- McKenz1967: description, taxonomy, pp. 156-158
- Millar2002: taxonomy, pp. 185-233
- MillerMc1973: description, taxonomy, pp. 503
- Moghad2009: taxonomy, pp. 34
- Moghad2013: distribution, taxonomy, pp. 8, 21
- MoghadWa2022: diagnosis, illustration, key, taxonomy, pp. 22, 41-52
- MorrisMo1966: taxonomy, pp. 65, 78, 98
- PachecKaSi2019: host, key, pp. 529
- Paik1978: description, taxonomy, pp.
- RussoMa1997a: taxonomy, pp. 151-157
- Takaha1958: description, taxonomy, pp. 5
- TanakaKa2021: diagnosis, taxonomy, pp. 573
- TanakaSaCh2022: key, phylogeny, taxonomy, pp. 307-309
- TanakaUe2012: taxonomy, pp. 414
- Tang1992: description, taxonomy, pp. 191, 295
- Tao1999: taxonomy, pp. 13, 14
- Willia1960: description, pp. 397
- Willia1962: key, taxonomy, pp. 7, 21
- Willia1970DJ: description, taxonomy, pp. 130-131
- Willia1985: description, taxonomy, pp. 38, 39, 107-109
- Willia2004a: description, taxonomy, pp. 160-163
- WilliaGr1992: description, taxonomy, pp. 43, 129-132
- WilliaGu2010: taxonomy, pp. 66-68
- WilliaWa1988a: description, taxonomy, pp. 46
- ZarkanErAp2023: diagnosis, key, pp. 160
- ZhangWaWa2023: taxonomy, pp. 128
- ZhangWu2017: description, distribution, key, taxonomy, pp. 57-70
148 Species
- Dysmicoccus acaciarum
- Dysmicoccus aciculus
- Dysmicoccus aggeris
- Dysmicoccus alius
- Dysmicoccus ambiguus
- Dysmicoccus amnicola
- Dysmicoccus andropogonis
- Dysmicoccus angustifrons
- Dysmicoccus angustus
- Dysmicoccus anicus
- Dysmicoccus arachidis
- Dysmicoccus arcanus
- Dysmicoccus aurantius
- Dysmicoccus banksi
- Dysmicoccus bonaerensis
- Dysmicoccus boninsis
- Dysmicoccus brachydactylus
- Dysmicoccus brevipes
- Dysmicoccus bunagaya
- Dysmicoccus bundooranus
- Dysmicoccus busoensis
- Dysmicoccus cacao
- Dysmicoccus carens
- Dysmicoccus caribensis
- Dysmicoccus caspianensis
- Dysmicoccus castanopsus
- Dysmicoccus casuarinarum
- Dysmicoccus celmisicola
- Dysmicoccus cocotis
- Dysmicoccus comitatus
- Dysmicoccus coorongae
- Dysmicoccus crassisetosus
- Dysmicoccus dactylus
- Dysmicoccus darienensis
- Dysmicoccus debregeasiae
- Dysmicoccus delitescens
- Dysmicoccus dengwuensis
- Dysmicoccus dennoi
- Dysmicoccus desertorum
- Dysmicoccus difficilis
- Dysmicoccus diodium
- Dysmicoccus echinochloae
- Dysmicoccus fimbriatulus
- Dysmicoccus finitimus
- Dysmicoccus formicicola
- Dysmicoccus furcillosus
- Dysmicoccus fusagasugae
- Dysmicoccus gracilis
- Dysmicoccus grassii
- Dysmicoccus hambletoni
- Dysmicoccus henanensis
- Dysmicoccus hilli
- Dysmicoccus howrahicus
- Dysmicoccus hurdi
- Dysmicoccus hylonomus
- Dysmicoccus hypogaeus
- Dysmicoccus imparilis
- Dysmicoccus indocalamus
- Dysmicoccus innermongolicus
- Dysmicoccus inquilinus
- Dysmicoccus insulae
- Dysmicoccus jenniferae
- Dysmicoccus jizani
- Dysmicoccus joannesiae
- Dysmicoccus junceus
- Dysmicoccus kaiensis
- Dysmicoccus kalyanensis
- Dysmicoccus kozari
- Dysmicoccus kunaw
- Dysmicoccus lansii
- Dysmicoccus laporteae
- Dysmicoccus lasii
- Dysmicoccus lavandulae
- Dysmicoccus lemmatus
- Dysmicoccus lepelleyi
- Dysmicoccus lepidii
- Dysmicoccus luoyangensis
- Dysmicoccus lushanensis
- Dysmicoccus mackenziei
- Dysmicoccus maclayi
- Dysmicoccus macrozamiae
- Dysmicoccus mangaianus
- Dysmicoccus mcdanieli
- Dysmicoccus milleri
- Dysmicoccus mollis
- Dysmicoccus morrisoni
- Dysmicoccus moundi
- Dysmicoccus mundaringae
- Dysmicoccus neobrevipes
- Dysmicoccus nesophilus
- Dysmicoccus notialis
- Dysmicoccus obesus
- Dysmicoccus orchidum
- Dysmicoccus ornatus
- Dysmicoccus papuanicus
- Dysmicoccus patagonicus
- Dysmicoccus patulae
- Dysmicoccus pauper
- Dysmicoccus perissus
- Dysmicoccus perotensis
- Dysmicoccus pietroi
- Dysmicoccus pini
- Dysmicoccus pinicolus
- Dysmicoccus plenus
- Dysmicoccus polyanosetosus
- Dysmicoccus polymeris
- Dysmicoccus probrevipes
- Dysmicoccus prochilus
- Dysmicoccus queenslandianus
- Dysmicoccus quercicolus
- Dysmicoccus racemus
- Dysmicoccus radicis
- Dysmicoccus radinovskyi
- Dysmicoccus rapaneae
- Dysmicoccus rex
- Dysmicoccus roseotinctus
- Dysmicoccus rupestris
- Dysmicoccus ryani
- Dysmicoccus salmonaceus
- Dysmicoccus salviniae
- Dysmicoccus sasae
- Dysmicoccus saustralis
- Dysmicoccus senegalensis
- Dysmicoccus shintenensis
- Dysmicoccus subterreus
- Dysmicoccus sylvarum
- Dysmicoccus texensis
- Dysmicoccus tibouchinae
- Dysmicoccus tillandsiae
- Dysmicoccus timberlakei
- Dysmicoccus tococae
- Dysmicoccus triadus
- Dysmicoccus trifurcus
- Dysmicoccus trispinosus
- Dysmicoccus umbambae
- Dysmicoccus vaccinii
- Dysmicoccus vacuatus
- Dysmicoccus varius
- Dysmicoccus vescus
- Dysmicoccus viatorius
- Dysmicoccus victorianus
- Dysmicoccus viticis
- Dysmicoccus walkeri
- Dysmicoccus waustensis
- Dysmicoccus williamsi
- Dysmicoccus wistariae
- Dysmicoccus zagrosicus
- Dysmicoccus zeynepae
