Valid Names Results
Coccus hesperidum hesperidum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coccidae: Coccus)Nomenclatural History
- Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus 1758: 455. Type data: EUROPE: collected on Citrus, Laurus and other host plants.. Syntypes, female, accepted valid name Notes: Type material lost; D.J. Williams, 1989, personal communication to Yair Ben-Dov.
- Coccus citri Gmelin, P.F. 1766: 41. nomen nudum (discovered by WilliaBe2009, 16).
- Calypticus hesperidum (Linnaeus, 1758); Costa 1829: 8. change of combination
- Calypticus laevis Costa 1829: 11. Type data: ITALY: on peach.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903, 169). Notes: Type material probably lost; G. Pellizzari Scaltriti, 1990, personal communication to Yair Ben-Dov.
- Lecanium hesperidum (Linnaeus, 1758); Burmeister 1835: 69. change of combination
- Coccus patellaeformis Curtis 1843a: 517. Type data: ENGLAND: in greenhouse, location and host plant not indicated.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903b, 169). Notes: Type material probably lost.
- Chermes lauri Boisduval 1867: 340. Type data: FRANCE: Locality not clearly indicated, on Laurus nobilis.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Maskel1893a, 103). Notes: Type material probably lost (D. Matile-Ferrero, personal communication, 1991)
- Lecanium platycerii Packard 1870: 260. nomen nudum (discovered by Newste1903, 78).
- Lecanium lauri (Boisduval, 1867); Signoret 1873a: 400. change of combination
- Lecanium angustatus Signoret 1873a: 398. Type data: FRANCE: in greenhouse on Cyperus rotundus.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 436). Notes: Type material probably lost (Ben-Dov, 1993).
- Lecanium maculatum Signoret 1873a: 400. Type data: FRANCE: on Hedera helix.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Vienna: Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria; junior synonym (discovered by BenDov1976b, 115).
- Kermes aurantj Alfonso 1875: 431. Type data: ITALY: Sicily, locality not given, on orange.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; junior synonym (discovered by Fernal1903, 169). Notes: Type material probably lost.
- Lecanium alienum Douglas 1886b: 77. Type data: ENGLAND: on Asplenium bulbiferum.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by Leonar1920, 320).
- Lecanium depressum simulans Douglas 1887a: 28. nomen nudum
- Lecanium minimum Newstead 1892: 141. Type data: ENGLAND: on Areca sp. and Abutilon sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; junior synonym (discovered by BoratyWi1964, 108).
- Lecanium assimile amaryllidis Cockerell 1893g: 53. Type data: ANTIGUA: on Amaryllis.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909, 436).
- Lecanium terminaliae Cockerell 1893j: 254. Type data: JAMAICA: Kingston, on Terminalia catappa.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909, 436).
- Lecanium assimile amaryllidis Cockerell 1893j: 254. nomen nudum
- Lecanium ceratoniae Gennadius 1895: cclxxvii. Type data: CYPRUS: on carob tree.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; junior synonym (discovered by Cocker1897p, 590). Notes: Daniele Matile-Ferrero (in letter to Yair Ben-Dov, November 28, 2001) confirmed that syntypes are deposited in MNHN.
- Lecanium hesperidum lauri (Boisduval, 1867); Cockerell 1896b: 331. change in status (level)
- Lecanium nanum Cockerell 1896h: 19. Type data: TRINIDAD: on leaves of 'Balata'.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 436). Notes: Also described as n. sp. in Cockerell, 1896k, page iv.
- Lecanium flaveolum Cockerell 1897d: 52. Type data: U.S.A.: New Mexico, Mesilla Park, on Pilea sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 436).
- Lecanium minimum pinicola Maskell 1897: 310. Type data: SOUTH AFRICA: Cape of Good Hope, on Pinus insignis.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Auckland: New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Landcare Research, New Zealand; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 436).
- Lecanium ventrale Ehrhorn 1898: 245. Type data: U.S.A.: California, San Jose, Japanese Nursery, on tuberous plant.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 436).
- Lecanium hesperidum alienum Douglas, 1886; Cockerell 1899a: 393. change in status (level)
- Lecanium (Calymnatus) hesperidum pacificum Kuwana 1902a: 30. Type data: ECUADOR: Galapagos Islands, on host plants belonging to 12 different species.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan; junior synonym (discovered by Sander1909a, 436).
- Coccus angustatus (Signoret, 1873); Fernald 1903: 168. change of combination
- Coccus flaveolus (Cockerell, 1897); Fernald 1903b: 168. change of combination
- Coccus hesperidum alienus (Douglas, 1886); Fernald 1903b: 171. change of combination
- Coccus hesperidum lauri (Boisduval, 1867); Fernald 1903b: 171. change of combination
- Coccus hesperidum pacificus (Kuwana, 1902); Fernald 1903b: 171. change of combination
- Coccus maculatus (Signoret, 1873); Fernald 1903b: 172. change of combination
- Coccus (Lecanium) minimus (Newstead, 1892); Cockerell 1903a: 162. change of combination
- Coccus minimus (Newstead, 1892); Fernald 1903b: 172. change of combination
- Coccus minimus pinicola (Maskell, 1897); Fernald 1903b: 172. change of combination
- Coccus nanus (Cockerell, 1896); Fernald 1903b: 172. change of combination
- Coccus terminaliae (Cockerell, 1893); Fernald 1903b: 173. change of combination
- Coccus ventralis (Ehrhorn, 1898); Fernald 1903b: 174. change of combination
- Eulecanium assimile amaryllidis (Cockerell, 1893); Fernald 1903b: 181. change of combination
- Lecanium hesperidum minimum Newstead, 1892; Newstead 1903: 85. change of combination
- Chermes aurantii Fernald 1903: 169. misspelling of both genus and species names Notes: Mis-spelling of Kermes aurantj Alfonso.
- Coccus patelliformis Curtis, 1843; Fernald 1903b: 169. misspelling of species epithet
- Lecanium signiferum Green 1904d: 197. Type data: SRI LANKA: Pundaluoya, on Begonia sp.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Ibaraki-ken: Insect Taxonomy Laboratory, National Institute of Agricultural Environmental Sciences, Kannon-dai, Yatabe, Tsukuba-shi, (Kuwana), Japan; London: The Natural History Museum, England, UK; Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by BoratyWi1964, 108).
- Lecanium punctuliferum Green 1904d: 205. Type data: SRI LANKA: Paradeniya, on Michelia champaca.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Washington: United States National Entomological Collection, U.S. National Museum of Natural History, District of Columbia, USA; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1959, 160).
- Coccus signiferus (Green, 1904); Sanders 1906: 8. change of combination
- Saissetia punctulifera (Green, 1904); Sanders 1906: 10. change of combination
- Lecanium hesperidum (Linnaeus, 1758); Borg 1919: 33. change of combination
- Lecanium (Coccus) hesperidum (Linnaeus, 1758); Pettit & McDaniel 1920: 16. change of combination
- Coccus (Lecanium) hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758; Hall 1922: 18. change of combination
- Coccus hemisphaerides Lindinger 1929: 109-110. junior synonym Notes: hemisphaerides L., Coccus. Lindinger (1929: 109-110) discussed this name, stating that it was mentioned by Prof Dr. K. Braun-Stade in a note about a scale insect named Coccus hemisphaerides L. [sic] in Geiger, Ph.L. (1840), Pharmazeut. Botanik II p. 1948. The note stated that "the orange tree is affected by a disease of blackening of the leaves, in which occur eggs and excretions of an insect" (= Coccus hemisphaerides L.). Information taken from: Handbuch f?r Fremde in Nizza. Heidelberg, Frankfurt und Leipzig, 1839: 56. Current status: Lindinger suggested that this name might be identical to Lecanium hesperidum (= Coccus hesperidum hesperidum Linnaeus) (Williams & Ben-Dov, 2009: 25)..
- Lecanium esperidum (Linnaeus, 1758); Gomez-Menor Ortega 1929: 4. misspelling of species epithet
- Coccus signifier (Green, 1904); Lindinger 1932f: 196. emendation that is unjustified (discovered by WilliaBe2009, 43).
- Coccus jungi Chen 1936: 218. Type data: CHINA: Huangyan County, Chekiang Province, on Citrus sp.. Syntypes, female, junior synonym (discovered by Tang1991, 75). Notes: Type material probably lost; Tang, F.T., 1989, personal communication to Yair Ben-Dov.
- Lecanium mauritiense Mamet 1936: 96. Type data: MAURITIUS: Rose Hill and Ebene, on Furcraea gigantea.. Syntypes, female, Type depository: Paris: Museum National d'Histoire naturelle, France; junior synonym (discovered by DeLott1959, 160).
- Lecanium (Coccus) hesperidum (Linnaeus, 1758); Green 1937: 298. change of combination
- Lecanium (Coccus) signiferum Green, 1904; Green 1937: 298. change of combination
- Coccus hisperidum Linnaeus, 1758; Chou 1947a: 30, 39. misspelling of species epithet
- Coccus mauritiensis (Mamet, 1936); Mamet 1949: 25. change of combination
- Coccus hesperidium Linnaeus, 1758; Lincango, Hodgson, Causton, & Miller 2010: 4. misspelling of species epithet
- Coccus hesprridium Linnaeus, 1758; Basheer, et al. 2014: 52. misspelling of species epithet
- Coccus hesperidurm hesperidurm Linnaeus, 1758; Moharum & Bakry 2015: 103. misspelling of species epithet
Common Names
- brown soft scale BenDov1993 Gill1988 GillNaWi1977
- Cochinilla blanda de los agrios Lloren1990
- conchuela blanda RipaLaRo2008a
- conchuela blanda cafe RipaLaRo2008a
- conchuela blanda de los citrus RipaLaRo2008a
- The Coccus of the greenhouses Linnae1758
- qenima huma raqa BenDov1993
- qenima huma BenDov1993
- Chermes des hespérides KondoWaGa2022
- cocciniglia degli agrumi KondoWaGa2022
- myagkaya lozhnoschitovka KondoWaGa2022
- orangefägad sköldlus KondoWaGa2022
- Orangenschildlaus KondoWaGa2022
- sagte dopluis KondoWaGa2022
- yumusak kosnil KondoWaGa2022
- yumshoq soxtaqalqondor SobiroZoQa2024
Ecological Associates
Hosts:
Families: 138 | Genera: 428
- Arecaceae
- Chamerops | MifsudMaRu2014
- Acanthaceae
- Avicennia marina | BenDov2012
- Hemigraphis | Nakaha1983
- Pachystachys lutea | Schonf2015
- Pseuderanthemum | WilliaWa1990
- Ruellia simplex | LinTaKo2017 | (=Ruellia brittoniana)
- Achariaceae
- Hydnocarpus pentandrus | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988 | (= Hydnocarpus wightiana)
- Acoraceae
- Acorus | BenDov2012
- Actinidiaceae
- Actinidia deliciosa | Guncan2015
- Amaranthaceae
- Aerva lanata | Green1904d
- Amaranthus | Ali1971 Green1904d Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Iresine | Varshn1992
- Amaryllidaceae
- Clivia miniata | TangLi1988
- Hippeastrum | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Hippeastrum equestre | TaoWoCh1983
- Anacardiaceae
- Anacardium | Ali1971
- Anacardium occidentale | ShafeeYoKh1989
- Mangifera | Ali1971 Green1937
- Mangifera indica | Ali1971 Almeid1973b AvasthSh1991 BenDov1971 DanzigKo1990 Hall1935 Hodgso1967 KinjoNaHi1996 Nakaha1981a Nakaha1983 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Pistacia terebinthus | BenDov1971 | (= Pistacia palaestina)
- Schinus | Hall1923
- Schinus molle | BenDov1971 Bodenh1924
- Spondias purpurea | PadillMaNa2016
- Toxicodendron succedaneum | TaoWoCh1983 | (= Rhus succedanea)
- Toxicodendron vernicifluum | Ali1971 | (= Rhus vernicifera)
- Annonaceae
- Annona | Hall1922
- Annona muricata | Kondo2008a WilliaWa1990
- Annona squamosa | Ballou1926
- Apiaceae
- Eryngium | Suh2023
- Hydrocotyle | JansenAl2023
- Apocynaceae
- Araujia | BenDov2012
- Asclepias | BenDov2012
- Calotropis procera | Bodenh1924
- Cascabela thevetia | BenDov1971 | (= Thevetia peruviana)
- Hoya carnosa | Malump2011a
- Melodinus baueri | WilliaWa1990
- Nerium | Balach1957c DeLott1959 HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995 Nakaha1983 TerGri1954
- Nerium indicum | Kuwana1902 TangLi1988
- Nerium oleander | Almeid1973b Archan1930 Aziz1977 BenDov1971 EzzatHu1969 Hall1922 Hempel1900a KfirRo1980 KozarzRe1975 Lindin1911a | (= Nerium odoratum)
- Plumeria | Hall1935 Hodgso1967
- Plumeria obtusa | LinTaKo2017
- Plumeria rubra | DeLott1959 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990 | (= Plumeria acuminata, Plumeria acutifolia)
- Tabernaemontana | Varshn1992
- Vinca | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Vinca major | BenDov1971
- Vinca minor | Kozar1985
- Wrightia | Suh2023
- Aquifoliaceae
- Ilex | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Ilex aquifolium | LinKoGu2013
- Ilex cassine | ZettleZeRi2012
- Ilex crenata | JansenAl2023
- Araceae
- Anthurium | HodgsoHi1990
- Anthurium acaule | MazzeoLoRu1994 Nakaha1983
- Anthurium andraeanum | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Arum italicum | Bodenh1924
- Colocasia inodora | KozarzRe1975
- Cryptocoryne | WilliaKo1972
- Dieffenbachia | HodgsoHi1990
- Dieffenbachia seguine | GoszczGo2011 Malump2011a | (= Dieffenbachia picta)
- Epipremnum aureum | Nakaha1981a | (= Scindapsus aureus)
- Monstera | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Monstera adansonii | DeLott1959 | (= Philodendron pertusum)
- Monstera deliciosa | Potaev1993
- Philodendron | HodgsoHi1990 Potaev1993
- Philodendron lacerum | MestreHoHa2015
- Pothos | BenDov2012
- Spathiphyllum | Malump2011a
- Syngonium | HodgsoHi1990
- Zamioculcas | Suh2023
- Zantedeschia | Nakaha1981a
- Zantedeschia aethiopica | Granar1999
- Araliaceae
- Aralia | GomezM1957
- Fatshedera | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Fatsia | GillNaWi1977 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Fatsia japonica | GomezM1946 | (= Aralia sieboldi)
- Hedera | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1928 Green1937
- Hedera algeriensis | JansenAl2023
- Hedera canariensis | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Hedera colchica | BatsanKaKi2017
- Hedera helix | Anneck1966 Archan1930 BenDov1993 Bodenh1924 Bodenh1944b King1899b Kozar1980 KozarPaPa1991 UygunSeEr1998
- Hedera hibernica | King1903b | (= Hedera hybernica)
- Hedera rhombea | Ali1971
- Heptapleurum actinophyllum | GillNaWi1977 Nakaha1981a NakahaMi1981 | (= Brassaia actinophylla) (= Schefflera actinophylla)
- Oreopanax capitatus | JansenAl2023
- Panax | EzzatHu1969
- Plerandra elegantissima | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 | (= Dizigotheca elegantissima)
- Pseudopanax crassifolius | HodgsoHe2000
- Pseudopanax lessonii | HodgsoHe2000
- Schefflera | Hall1922 HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 WilliaWa1990 | (= Sciadophyllum)
- Schefflera arboricola | BenDov2012
- Arecaceae
- Aiphanes horrida | Ballou1926 | (= Martinezia caryotaefolia)
- Areca catechu | Ali1971 NairMe1963 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Arecaceae | Ali1971
- Caryota mitis | KozarzRe1975
- Caryota urens | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937
- Chamaedorea | GillNaWi1977
- Cocos | DeLott1959 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Cocos nucifera | Ali1971 Almeid1973b DeLott1959 Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Dypsis | Suh2023
- Gaussia princeps | Ballou1926 | (= Gaussia princips)
- Howea | Suh2023
- Phoenix dactylifera | CarnerPe1986 King1899b Newste1917
- Phoenix roebelenii | JansenAl2023
- Rhapis | Ballou1926 Potaev1993
- Rhapis excelsa | Stalaz2021 | (in greenhouse)
- Rhopalostylis baueri | Stalaz2021
- Roystonea oleracea | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Areca oleracea)
- Roystonea regia | LincanHoCa2010
- Washingtonia | PadillMaNa2016
- Argophyllaceae
- Corokia | HodgsoHe2000
- Asparagaceae
- Agave | Ali1971 DeLott1965a HodgsoHi1990 Mamet1954 ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Tuberosa)
- Agave americana | BenDov1971 Bodenh1924
- Agave sisalana | DeLott1959 Willia1987 LagowsGoHo2022
- Agave vivipara | Ali1971 Nakaha1983 | ssp. variegata (= Agave rigida variegata, Agave rigida)
- Cordyline fruticosa | GillNaWi1977 Nakaha1981a | (= Cordyline terminalis)
- Dracaena | Nakaha1981a
- Furcraea foetida | DeLott1959 Mamet1936 Mamet1943a | (= Furcraea gigantea)
- Ophiopogon | HodgsoHi1990
- Polianthes tuberosa | Ballou1926 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Rohdea japonica | Suh2020
- Ruscus | Hall1923
- Ruscus aculeatus | BenDov2012
- Ruscus hypophyllum | Hall1923
- Yucca | King1903b NakahaMi1981
- Yucca baccata | Moghad2013a
- Yucca filamentosa | KozarTzVi1979
- Yucca gloriosa | GomezM1954
- Asphodelaceae
- Aloe | DeLott1959 Hodgso1994a Nakaha1983
- Aloe ciliaris | CarnerPe1986
- Aloe distans | Potaev1993
- Haworthia | Potaev1993
- Haworthia fasciata | WilliaKo1972
- Aspleniaceae
- Asplenium bulbiferum | Dougla1886b
- Asplenium nidus | CarnerPe1986 KozarzRe1975
- Asplenium viviparum | BenDov2012
- Asteraceae
- Artemisia vulgaris | BatsanKaKi2017
- Aster | HodgsoHi1990
- Brachyglottis bellidioides | HodgsoHe2000
- Brachyglottis repanda | HodgsoHe2000
- Cirsium | JansenAl2023
- Dahlia pinnata | Granar1999
- Erigeron bonariensis | BenDov2012 LincanHoCa2010 | (= Conyza bonariensis, Erigeron crispus)
- Gerbera | BenDov2012
- Olearia | HodgsoHe2000
- Pluchea odorata | WilliaWa1990
- Senecio | HodgsoHe2000
- Solidago | WilliaWa1990
- Sphagneticola trilobata | Kuwana1902a | (= Wedelia paludesa)
- Tridax procumbens | WilliaWa1990
- Vernonia | Hodgso1967
- Balsaminaceae
- Impatiens | GillNaWi1977
- Begoniaceae
- Begonia | Ali1971 Almeid1973b Bodenh1924 DeLott1959 GomezM1958b Green1904d Green1937 Hall1923 Hall1935 HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
- Begonia radicans | WilliaKo1972
- Begonia rex | Stalaz2021 | (greenhouse)
- Berberidaceae
- Berberis vulgaris | DeLott1959
- Mahonia | KozarPaPa1991
- Mahonia aquifolium | WilliaKo1972
- Bignoniaceae
- Bignonia | Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930
- Campsis | HodgsoHi1990
- Catalpa bignonioides | Potaev1993
- Dolichandra unguis-cati | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988 | (= Bignonia unguiscati)
- Jacaranda mimosifolia | MazzeoLoRu1994 | (= Jacaranda mimosaefoliae)
- Kigelia africana | Malump1991 Malump2011a
- Radermachera sinica | LinTaKo2017
- Tecoma | Hall1935 HodgsoHi1990 | (= Tecomaria)
- Tecoma stans | LinKoGu2013
- Tecoma x smithii | Hall1923
- Tecomanthe speciosa | HodgsoHe2000
- Tecomaria capensis | BenDov2012 Hodgso1969a | (= Tecoma capensis)
- Blechnaceae
- Blechnum fraseri | HodgsoHe2000
- Blechnum moorei | Schonf2015
- Woodwardia | HodgsoHi1990
- Boraginaceae
- Cordia alliodora | WilliaWa1990
- Cordia myxa | Mamet1943a WilliaWi1988
- Ehretia | Ali1971
- Ehretia cymosa | DeLott1959 | (= Ehretia silvatica)
- Ehretia petiolaris | DeLott1959
- Heliotropium curassavicum | LagowsGoHo2022
- Heliotropium foertherianum | LinTaKo2017 | (= Messerschmidia argentea)
- Hilsenbergia petiolaris | DeLott1959
- Bromeliaceae
- Aechmea | Potaev1993
- Billbergia | GillNaWi1977
- Fosterella | HodgsoHi1990 | (= Fosterelia)
- Puya | Potaev1993
- Vriesea | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Bruniaceae
- Berzelia | Suh2023
- Burseraceae
- Canarium indicum | WilliaWa1990
- Buxaceae
- Buxus sempervirens | BatsanKaKi2017
- Cactaceae
- Echinocactus | Bodenh1924 MazzeoSuRu2008
- Calophyllaceae
- Calophyllum inophyllum | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 WilliaWa1990
- Campanulaceae
- Campanula | SzitaFeBe2017
- Lobelia physaloides | HodgsoHe2000 | (= Pratia physaloides)
- Trachelium | MazzeoLoRu1994
- Cannabaceae
- Aphananthe aspera | LinKoGu2013
- Cannabis sativa | VillanGaAh2021
- Celtis | HodgsoHi1990
- Celtis tetrandra | LinKoGu2013 LinTaKo2017 | (= Celtis formosana)
- Cannaceae
- Canna | Nakaha1981a
- Canna tuerckheimii | KozarzRe1975 | (= Canna gigantea)
- Caprifoliaceae
- Lonicera | Bodenh1924 CarnerPe1986
- Lonicera caprifolium | UlgentDo2019
- Lonicera japonica | EzzatHu1969
- Lonicera macrantha | LinKoGu2013
- Caricaceae
- Carica | HodgsoHi1990
- Carica papaya | Ali1971 Almeid1969 Almeid1973b DeLott1959 DeLott1965a Hodgso1967 Mamet1943a MartinCuWo2004 Nakaha1981a
- Caryophyllaceae
- Dianthus | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Dianthus caryophyllus | Ballou1926 DeLott1959
- Casuarinaceae
- Casuarina | Almeid1973b Nakaha1981a
- Celastraceae
- Brexia madagascariensis | KozarzRe1975 | (= Brexia spinosa)
- Euonymus | HodgsoHi1990
- Euonymus japonicus | WilliaKo1972
- Gymnosporia cassinoides | KozarzRe1975 | (= Catha cassioides)
- Salacia | WilliaWa1990
- Cephalotaxaceae
- Cephalotaxus harringtonii | UlgentDo2019 | subsp. drupacea
- Clusiaceae
- Garcinia | Suh2023
- Combretaceae
- Conocarpus erectus | GillNaWi1977 | (= Conocarpus erecta)
- Lumnitzera littorea | WilliaWa1990 | (= Lumnitzera coccinea)
- Terminalia bellirica | DeLott1959 | (= Terminalia bellerica)
- Terminalia brassii | WilliaWa1990
- Terminalia calamansanay | WilliaWa1990
- Terminalia catappa | Ali1971 Almeid1973b Newste1911a TaoWoCh1983
- Terminalia chebula | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Commelinaceae
- Commelina tuberosa | Potaev1993
- Murdannia nudiflora | Ballou1926 | (= Commelina nudiflora)
- Tradescantia | Suh2023
- Convolvulaceae
- Ipomoea | Nakaha1981a
- Costaceae
- Cheilocostus speciosus | WilliaWa1990 | (= Costus speciosus)
- Cucurbitaceae
- Cucurbita | BenDov2012
- Cyatheaceae
- Cyathea | HodgsoHe2000
- Cyathea armata | Kuwana1902a | (= Alsophila armata)
- Cycadaceae
- Cycas revoluta | Kuwana1902
- Cyperaceae
- Cyperus | Potaev1993
- Dioscoreaceae
- Dioscorea | HodgsoHi1990 WilliaWa1990
- Dipterocarpaceae
- Anisoptera thurifera | WilliaWa1990
- Dryopteridaceae
- Cyrtomium falcatum | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Ebenaceae
- Diospyros kaki | Ballou1926 GillNaWi1977
- Euclea crispa | Hodgso1967
- Elaeagnaceae
- Elaeagnus thunbergii | LinKoGu2013
- Elaeocarpaceae
- Elaeocarpus | WilliaWa1990
- Ericaceae
- Arbutus unedo | GomezM1958b
- Gaultheria | Suh2023
- Rhododendron | GillNaWi1977
- Vaccinium | Suh2023
- Eriocaulaceae
- Eriocaulon | JansenAl2023
- Euphorbiaceae
- Acalypha | Green1920 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 WilliaWa1990
- Codiaeum | Nakaha1981a
- Codiaeum variegatum | KozarzRe1975
- Croton | Varshn1992
- Euphorbia | HodgsoHi1990 | (= Poinsettia)
- Euphorbia pulcherrima | Hodgso1994a HodgsoHi1990 | (= Poinsettia pulcherrima)
- Jatropha | Schonf2015
- Macaranga tanarius | WilliaWa1990
- Mallotus japonicus | Suh2020
- Mallotus pallidus | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Mallotus philippinensis)
- Ricinus | HodgsoHi1990 KozarPaPa1991
- Ricinus communis | WilliaWa1990
- Triadica sebifera | LucasPoDe2024
- Fabaceae
- Acacia | Almeid1973b Hall1922 Hall1924a
- Acacia cyclops | CarnerPe1986
- Acacia heterophylla | Mamet1957
- Albizia | KozarPaPa1991
- Alhagi maurorum | Moghad2013a | (= Alhagi camelorum)
- Bauhinia | DeLott1959 Hall1922 Hall1924a Mamet1943a Mamet1952
- Bauhinia purpurea | Ballou1926 DeLott1959
- Bauhinia variegata | Ali1971 BenDov1971 | (= Bauhinia alba)
- Butea monosperma | Ali1971 | (= Butea frondosa)
- Cajanus cajan | LagowsGoHo2022
- Callerya nitida | TaoWoCh1983 | (= Millettia nitida)
- Canavalia macrocarpa | Nakaha1981a
- Caragana | KozarPaPa1991
- Carmichaelia | HodgsoHe2000
- Cassia javanica | Nakaha1981a Nakaha1981a | ssp. nodosa,ssp. agnes (= Cassia nodosa)
- Ceratonia siliqua | BenDov1971
- Cercis chinensis | Kuwana1902
- Cercis siliquastrum | MazzeoLoRu1994
- Chordospartium stevensonii | HodgsoHe2000
- Cytisus | KozarPaPa1991
- Cytisus filipes | CarnerPe1986 | (= Spartocytisus filipes)
- Dalbergia | Green1937 WilliaWa1990
- Dalbergia latifolia | Green1908a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Erythrina crista-galli | Almeid1973b
- Erythrina variegata | WilliaWa1990 | (= Erythrina indica)
- Erythrina zeyheri | BenDov2012
- Fabaceae | HodgsoHi1990 | could not locate or confirm the existence of Sabinia
- Gliricidia | BenDov1993
- Lespedeza cuneata | WilliaKo1972
- Medicago sativa | Granar1999
- Millettia pinnata | ShafeeYoKh1989 | (= Pongamia glabra)
- Mucuna bennettii | RibeirTa2021
- Parkinsonia aculeata | JansenAl2023
- Piscidia carthagenensis | LincanHoCa2010
- Platypodium | Nakaha1981a
- Robinia pseudoacacia | BenDov1971 Bodenh1924 | (= Robinia pseudacacia)
- Senna siamea | Green1907 Mamet1943a | (= Cassia siamea)
- Sesbania sesban | Hodgso1969a
- Sophora chrysophylla | Nakaha1981a
- Sophora microphylla | KozarzRe1975
- Trifolium repens | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Wisteria | Hodgso1969a
- Fagaceae
- Quercus | UlgentDo2019
- Frankeniaceae
- Frankenia | BenDov2012
- Gentianaceae
- Orphium | Malump2011a
- Geraniaceae
- Pelargonium | GillNaWi1977
- Goodeniaceae
- Scaevola taccada | WilliaWa1990
- Heliconiaceae
- Heliconia | Malump2011a
- Heptapleurum
- Heptapleurum | Nakaha1981a | (= Brassaia)
- Hydrangeaceae
- Hydrangea serratifolia | GillNaWi1977 | (= Hydrangea integerrima)
- Hymenophyllaceae
- Trichomanes elegans | Kuwana1902a | (= Trichomanes prieurii)
- Iridaceae
- Dietes bicolor | Nakaha1981a | (= Moraea bicolor)
- Dietes iridioides | Nakaha1981a | (= Moraea iridioides)
- Gladiolus | Nakaha1981a
- Iris | DeLott1959
- Iris unguicularis | KozarPaPa1991 | ssp. Iris craetensis
- Juglandaceae
- Juglans nigra | PadillMaNa2016
- Lamiaceae
- Callicarpa formosana | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Coleus | Bodenh1924
- Coleus scutellarioides | TangLi1988 | (= Coleus blumei)
- Hyssopus officinalis | ElekciKa2021
- Micromeria teneriffae | CarnerPe1986
- Ocimum basilicum | LinTaKo2017
- Oxera nerifolia | MilleHeCa2016
- Premna corymbosa | WilliaWa1990
- Rosmarinus officinalis | MazzeoLoRu1994
- Teucrium | Kozar1983a
- Thymus | Marott1987
- Vitex agnus-castus | BenDov2012
- Vitex lucens | HodgsoHe2000
- Volkameria inermis | WilliaWa1990 | (= Clerodendrum inerme)
- Lauraceae
- Beilschmiedia tawa | HodgsoHe2000
- Cinnamomum camphora | DeLott1959
- Laurus | DeLott1959 Jansen1995 Kozar1983a KozarzRe1975 TerGri1954
- Laurus nobilis | Ballou1926 BenDov1971 Bodenh1924 GomezM1946 Green1928 Green1928a Hodgso1994a Jansen1995 LinKoGu2013 PellizPoSe2011 UygunSeEr1998 | (= Laurus indica)
- Machilus odoratissima | BenDov2012
- Nectandra acutifolia | Stalaz2021
- Persea | GonzalAt1984 Potaev1993
- Persea americana | BenDov1971 DeLott1959 GonzalAt1984 Hall1935 MazzeoLoRu1994 Nakaha1983 | (= Persea gratissima)
- Persea borbonia | WilliaKo1972
- Lecythidaceae
- Barringtonia acutangula | Ali1971 | (= Michelia nitida)
- Barringtonia asiatica | WilliaWa1990
- Lycopodiaceae
- Lycopodium clavatum | Moghad2013a
- Lythraceae
- Lagerstroemia indica | Ballou1926
- Lagerstroemia speciosa | LinTaKo2017
- Lawsonia inermis | BenDov1971
- Punica granatum | Bodenh1926 Moghad2013a
- Magnoliaceae
- Magnolia champaca | Ali1971 DeLott1959 Green1904d Green1937 | (= Michelia champaca)
- Magnolia grandiflora | TangLi1988
- Magnolia tsiampacca | WilliaWa1990 | (= Elmerrillia papuana)
- Magnolia x alba | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Michelia longifolia, Michelia x alba)
- Malpighiaceae
- Malpighia emarginata | RamosSaCo2018
- Malvaceae
- Abelmoschus manihot | WilliaWa1990 | (= Hibiscus manihot)
- Abutilon | Cocker1899n Kuwana1902
- Abutilon grandiflorum | BenDov1971
- Alcea rosea | BenDov1971 GomezM1958b | (= Althaea rosae, Althaea rosea)
- Ceiba pentandra | DeLott1965a
- Dombeya | Hodgso1967
- Durio | Suh2023
- Gossypium | DeLott1959 Granar1999 Hall1935
- Gossypium barbadense | Kuwana1902a
- Grewia | DeLott1959
- Hibiscus | Almeid1973b Balach1957c Hodgso1967 HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
- Hibiscus cannabinus | EtiennMa1993 Nakaha1981a WilliaWa1990 | (= Hibiscus sarabdiffa, Hibiscus sabdariffa)
- Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | LincanHoCa2010
- Hibiscus syriacus | Ballou1926
- Hibiscus tiliaceus | Kuwana1902a Nakaha1981a
- Malvaviscus arboreus | WilliaWa1990
- Matisia cordata | LincanHoCa2010
- Pavonia spinifex | MestreHoHa2015
- Sida rhombifolia | WilliaWa1990
- Theobroma cacao | WilliaWa1990
- Melastomataceae
- Conostegia lasiopoda | Kuwana1902a | (= Conostegia lasiopeda)
- Melastoma | GillNaWi1977
- Meliaceae
- Aglaia | WilliaWa1990 | (= Amoora)
- Melia azedarach | Hall1935
- Toona ciliata | Hall1935 Hodgso1967 | (= Cedrela toona)
- Toona sinensis | Stalaz2021
- Moraceae
- Artocarpus altilis | Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990 WilliaWi1988 | (= Artocarpus communis)
- Artocarpus hetrophyllus | Ali1971 ShafeeYoKh1989 | {= Artocarpus integra)
- Broussonetia papyrifera | Granar1999
- Ficus | Ali1971 Aziz1977 EzzatHu1969 GonzalAt1984 Hall1922 Jansen1995 Nakaha1983 Potaev1993
- Ficus benghalensis | BenDov1971 Hall1922
- Ficus benjamina | BenDov2012 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Ficus carica | BenDov1971 Bodenh1924
- Ficus deltoidea | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 | (= Ficus diversifolia)
- Ficus elastica | Ballou1926 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Ficus lacor | AvasthSh1991 | (= Ficus infectoria)
- Ficus lutea | DeLott1959 | (= Ficus verrucocarpa)
- Ficus microcarpa | BenDov2012 PellizPoSe2011 | (= Ficus microcarpa nitida)
- Ficus obliqua | BenDov1971
- Ficus religiosa | LagowsGoHo2022
- Ficus retusa | BenDov1971
- Ficus septica | WilliaWa1990
- Ficus sycomorus | BenDov1971
- Ficus theophrastoides | WilliaWa1990
- Morus | LinKoGu2013
- Morus alba | BenDov1971
- Morus nigra | Granar1999
- Streblus | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Moringaceae
- Moringa oleifera | WilliaWa1990
- Musaceae
- Musa | Granar1999 Hall1922 HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995 Nakaha1981a Newste1917b
- Musa paradisiaca | Ali1964 GillNaWi1977 Green1937 Mamet1943a WilliaWa1990 | (= Musa sapientum)
- Myrtaceae
- Acca sellowiana | BenDov2012 | (= Feijoa sellowiana)
- Decaspermum | WilliaWa1990
- Eucalyptus deglupta | WilliaWa1990
- Eugenia uniflora | BenDov2012
- Marlierea eugenioides | DeLott1959
- Melaleuca | LinKoGu2013
- Metrosideros | Nakaha1981a
- Myrtus communis | BenDov1971 Green1928
- Myrtus pendula | DeLott1959 | (= Eugenia pendula)
- Pimenta | HodgsoHi1990
- Psidium guajava | Ballou1926 BenDov1971 EzzatHu1969 Hall1923 Hall1935 Nakaha1983
- Syzygium cumini | WilliaWa1990 | (= Eugenia jambolana)
- Syzygium jambos | MestreHoHa2015
- Syzygium paniculatum | DeLott1959 | (= Eugenia paniculata)
- Nephrolepidaceae
- Nephrolepis | Jansen1995 Kuwana1902a LongoMaPe1995
- Nephrolepis cordifolia | DeLott1959 Granar1999
- Nephrolepis exaltata | Mamet1943a Nakaha1983 | inc. Nephrolepis exaltata bostoniensis)
- Nyctaginaceae
- Bougainvillea | Bodenh1924
- Bougainvillea spectabilis | BenDov1971
- Mirabilis jalapa | BenDov1971
- Pisonia grandis | WilliaWa1990
- Ochnaceae
- Schuurmansia henningsii | WilliaWa1990
- Oleaceae
- Fraxinus caroliniana | ZettleZeRi2012
- Jasminum | Kuwana1902
- Ligustrum | Hodgso1967 HodgsoHi1990 Nakaha1981a
- Olea | Argyri1967 Hall1922
- Olea europaea | BenDov1971 ElsebaAh2017
- Onagraceae
- Fuchsia | WilliaKo1972
- Ludwigia leptocarpa | LincanHoCa2010
- Orchidaceae
- Ansellia | HodgsoHi1990
- Coelogyne cristata | Stalaz2021 | (greenhouse)
- Cymbidium | Suh2023
- Encyclia tampensis | ZettleZeRi2012
- Epidendrum rigidum | ZettleZeRi2012
- Orchidaceae | Jansen1995
- Paphiopedilum callosum | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Phalaenopsis | JansenAl2023
- Prosthechea cochleata | ZettleZeRi2012 | (= Encyclia cochleata)
- Stanhopea | GillNaWi1977
- Vanda | GillNaWi1977
- Paulowniaceae
- Paulownia tomentosa | Stalaz2021
- Pentaphylacaceae
- Phyllanthaceae
- Bischofia javanica | WilliaWa1990
- Glochidion | Ali1971
- Glochidion eriocarpum | Ali1971 | (= Glochidion eryocarpum)
- Glochidion puberum | TaoWoCh1983
- Phyllanthus | Hall1935 WilliaWa1990
- Phytolaccaceae
- Phytolacca dioica | CarnerPe1986
- Pinaceae
- Abies | GomezM1957
- Abies bornmuelleriana | UlgentDo2019
- Abies concolor | UlgentOz2019
- Abies nordmanniana | UlgentOz2019
- Cedrus | GillNaWi1977
- Cedrus atlantica | UlgentOz2019
- Cedrus deodora | MazzeoLoRu1994
- Cedrus libani | UnalAyKa2016
- Picea glauca | BatsanKaKi2017
- Picea orientalis | UlgentOz2019
- Pinus brutia | UlgentDo2019
- Pinus caribaea | WilliaWa1990
- Pinus elliottii | GillNaWi1977
- Pinus halepensis | BenDov1993
- Pinus nigra | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Pinus pinaster | MazzeoLoRu1994 UnalAyKa2016 | (= Pinus maritima)
- Pinus pinea | UnalAyKa2016
- Pinus radiata | DeLott1959
- Pinus sylvestris | Hall1935
- Tsuga canadensis | BatsanKaKi2017
- Piperaceae
- Peperomia | CarnerPe1986
- Peperomia rubella | Potaev1993
- Piper auritum | Ballou1926
- Piper chaba | BenDov2012
- Pittosporaceae
- Pittosporum | Balach1927 HodgsoHe2000
- Plantaginaceae
- Plantago | LagowsGoHo2022
- Platanaceae
- Platanus orientalis | BenDov1971
- Poaceae
- Bambusa vulgaris | AhnKiKi2020 WilliaWa1990
- Podocarpaceae
- Podocarpus | Ali1971 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Podocarpus macrophyllus | JansenAl2023
- Polemoniaceae
- Phlox drummondii | Ballou1926
- Polygalaceae
- Polygala virgata | Hodgso1967
- Polygonaceae
- Antigonon leptopus | Ballou1926
- Homalocladium platycladum | DeLott1959 | (= Muehlenbeckia platyclada)
- Muehlenbeckia | Green1923b
- Polypodiaceae
- Campyloneurum phyllitidis | Kuwana1902a | (= Polypodium phyllitidus, Polypodium phyllitidis)
- Phlebodium aureum | Green1917a Schonf2015 | (= Polypodium aureum),
- Platycerium | HodgsoHi1990 Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Platycerium alcicorne | BenDov1971
- Polypodium vulgare | DervisStGr2021
- Pontederiaceae
- Eichhornia crassipes | Mamet1943a
- Portulacaceae
- Portulaca oleracea | Ballou1926
- Primulaceae
- Ardisia japonica | Suh2020
- Ardisia pusilla | Suh2020
- Cyclamen | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Cyclamen coum | Moghad2013a
- Cyclamen persicum | TangLi1988
- Maesa lanceolata | Hodgso1967
- Myrsine africana | Hodgso1967
- Wallenia laurifolia | Ballou1926
- Proteaceae
- Banksia | Suh2023
- Finschia | WilliaWa1990
- Grevillea | Hall1935
- Pteridaceae
- Acrostichum aureum | WilliaWa1990
- Actiniopteris australis | JansenAl2023
- Adiantum | Hall1935
- Adiantum capillus-veneris | BenDov1971
- Adiantum intermedium | Kuwana1902a
- Pityrogramma ochracea | Kuwana1902a | (= Acrostichum caudatum)
- Ranunculaceae
- Clematis flammula | Balach1932e Balach1933e
- Resedaceae
- Caylusea hexagyna | LagowsGoHo2022
- Rhamnaceae
- Rhamnus alaternus | BenDovSa2015
- Rhamnus oleoides | MifsudMaRu2014 MifsudMaRu2014
- Sageretia | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Ziziphus | Varshn1992
- Rhizophoraceae
- Bruguiera cylindrica | Ali1971
- Rosaceae
- Cliffortia nitidula | Hodgso1967
- Cotoneaster pannosus | BenDov1971 | (= Cotoneaster pannosa)
- Crataegus azarolus | BenDov2012
- Crataegus monogyna | UlgentDo2019
- Cydonia oblonga | BenDov1971
- Eriobotrya | Green1923b HodgsoHi1990
- Eriobotrya japonica | Ali1971 BenDov1971 Green1923b Kuwana1902
- Heteromeles arbutifolia | LinTaKo2017
- Malus sylvestris | BenDov1971
- Photinia serratifolia | Balach1927 | (=Photinia serrata)
- Prunus | Hodgso1967
- Prunus armeniaca | BenDov1971 Matile1984c
- Prunus domestica | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Prunus dulcis | BenDov1971 BenDov2013 | (= Amygdalus communis)
- Prunus laurocerasus | KozarGuBa1994 | (= Laurocerasus)
- Prunus persica | BenDov1971 DeLott1959 | (= Persica vulgaris)
- Prunus salicina | BenDov1971
- Pyracantha | HodgsoHi1990 WilliaKo1972
- Pyrus communis | Hall1923
- Raphiolepis umbellata | BenDov1971
- Rosa | Bodenh1924 Hodgso1969a ShafeeYoKh1989
- Rubus | DeLott1959 Hodgso1967 KozarFr1995
- Rubus caucasicus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Rubus hirtus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Rubus sanctus | BatsanKaKi2017
- Rubiaceae
- Bouvardia | JansenAl2023
- Canthium | WilliaWa1990
- Cinchona | Ali1971 Green1930c
- Coffea | Almeid1973b Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Coffea arabica | GonzalAt1984
- Coffea liberica | Newste1911a
- Coprosma | HodgsoHe2000
- Coprosma montana | Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia | Nakaha1981a
- Gardenia jasminoides | Ali1971 Ballou1926 GillNaWi1977 | (= Gardenia florida)
- Ixora | Nakaha1981a
- Ixora coccinea | Ballou1926 | (= Ixora bandhuca.and Ixora coccinea var. lutea)
- Nauclea orientalis | LinTaKo2017 | (= Sarcocephalus coadunatus)
- Neolamarckia cadamba | WilliaWa1990 | (= Platanocephalus morindaefolius)
- Oxyanthus speciosus | Hodgso1967
- Pentas | HodgsoHi1990
- Psychotria nervosa | MestreHoHa2015
- Psychotria rufipes | Kuwana1902a LincanHoCa2010
- Timonius | WilliaWa1990
- Rutaceae
- Citrus | Ali1971 Almeid1973b Argyri1983 Aziz1977 Balach1927 Balach1931a Balach1939 Balach1957c Ballou1926 Bodenh1924 Borg1932 Brain1920a DeLott1959 DeLott1965a EtiennMa1993 FrancoPa1991 GonzalAt1984 Granar1999 Green1904d Green1937 Hall1935 Hodgso1967 Hodgso1969a Hodgso1994a HodgsoHi1990 KfirRo1980 Kirkal1904 KozarHuFo1989 KozarOrKo1977 KozarPaPa1991 Matile1984c Nakaha1981a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 SengonUyKa1998 ShafeeYoKh1989 SmithBeBr1997 UygunSeEr1998
- Citrus aurantiifolia | Nakaha1983 PadillMaNa2016 WilliaBu1987
- Citrus aurantium | Almeid1973b Ballou1926 BenDov1971 Bodenh1924 Bodenh1926 Bodenh1928 Bodenh1935 Bodenh1944b DeLott1959 DeLott1967a EzzatHu1969 GonzalAt1984 Green1917a Hall1922 Hodgso1967 King1903b Kirkal1902 Kirkal1904 Nakaha1983 Newste1910c TerGri1954
- Citrus hystrix | Ballou1926 | (= Citrus histrix)
- Citrus japonica | TangLi1988 | (= Fortunella margarita)
- Citrus limon | Bodenh1924 DeLott1959 EzzatHu1969 GonzalAt1984 Granar1999 Green1923b Nakaha1983 Newste1917b Potaev1993 TerGri1954
- Citrus maxima | DeLott1959 | (= Citrus grandis)
- Citrus medica | Hall1922
- Citrus paradisi | BenDov1971 GonzalAt1984
- Citrus reticulata | BenDov1971 DeLott1959 TerGri1954 | including Citrus reticulata × sinensis (Citrus nobilis)
- Citrus sinensis | MifsudMaRu2014
- Citrus trifoliata | Stalaz2021 | (= Poncirus trifoliata)
- Citrus unshiu | Suh2020
- Melicope | Nakaha1981a | (= Pelea)
- Murraya | HodgsoHi1990
- Murraya koenigii | JansenAl2023 | (=Bergera koenigii)
- Rutaceae | DanzigKo1990
- Skimmia | Suh2023
- Swinglea glutinosa | Ballou1926 | (= Chaetospermum glutinosa)
- Salicaceae
- Dovyalis caffra | DeLott1959 | (= Aberia caffra)
- Populus | Granar1999
- Populus alba | BenDov1971
- Populus suaveolens | BatsanKaKi2017
- Salix babylonica | Ballou1926
- Santalaceae
- Korthalsella | Varshn1992
- Korthalsella lindsayi | HenderSuRo2010
- Phoradendron californicum | LinKoGu2013
- Santalum haleakalae | Nakaha1981a
- Viscum | BenDov2012
- Viscum album | BatsanKaKi2017
- Viscum cruciatum | BenDov1971
- Sapindaceae
- Acer campestre | BatsanKaKi2017
- Acer negundo | Suh2020
- Acer palmatum | JansenAl2023
- Acer pseudoplatanus | UlgentDo2019
- Dimocarpus longan | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983 | (= Euphoria longana)
- Litchi chinensis | Waite1986
- Melicoccus bijugatus | JansenAl2023
- Nephelium lappaceum | HernanNiMa2011
- Nephelium ramboutan-ake | Ali1971 TaoWoCh1983
- Pometia pinnata | WilliaWa1990
- Sapotaceae
- Chrysophyllum cainito | Ballou1926
- Manilkara zapota | Ballou1926 | (= Achras sapota, Lucuma mammosa)
- Pouteria | GillNaWi1977 | (= Calocarpum)
- Pouteria campechiana | Ballou1926 | (= Lucuma nervosa)
- Sapotaceae | GillNaWi1977
- Saxifragaceae
- Saxifraga stolonifera | Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 | (= Saxifraga sarmentosa)
- Scrophulariaceae
- Myoporum | DeLott1959 Green1923b
- Myoporum laetum | HodgsoHe2000 Willia2013
- Selaginellaceae
- Selaginella | Nakaha1981a
- Simaroubaceae
- Ailanthus altissima | MazzeoLoRu1994 | (= Ailanthus glandulosa)
- Solanaceae
- Capsicum frutescens | WilliaWa1990
- Cestrum latifolium | JansenAl2023
- Cestrum parqui | Granar1999
- Datura metel | BenDov1993
- Lycium | CarnerPe1986
- Physalis | HodgsoHi1990
- Solanum aviculare | HodgsoHe2000
- Solanum laxum | DeLott1959 | (= Solanum jasminoides)
- Solanum villosum | BenDov1971
- Strelitziaceae
- Strelitzia reginae | BenDov2012
- Styracaceae
- Styrax officinalis | BenDov1971
- Taxaceae
- Taxus baccata | UlgentOz2019
- Theaceae
- Camellia | DeLott1959 Hodgso1969a Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995
- Camellia japonica | TaoWoCh1983
- Camellia sinensis | Ali1971 DeLott1959 Granar1999 Green1904d Green1937 Hodgso1967 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Thymelaeaceae
- Pimelea | HodgsoHe2000
- Tropaeolaceae
- Tropaeolum majus | Granar1999
- Ulmaceae
- Ulmus minor | Moghad2013a | (= Ulmus campestris)
- Urticaceae
- Pellionia | HodgsoHi1990
- Pilea | Cocker1897k Green1923b Jansen1995 LongoMaPe1995 Nakaha1981a
- Verbenaceae
- Duranta erecta | BenDov1971 | (= Duranta repens)
- Rhaphithamnus spinosus | KozarzRe1975
- Vitaceae
- Cissus verticillata | Ballou1926 | (= Cissus sicyoides)
- Rhoicissus tridentata | Hodgso1967
- Vitis vinifera | BenDov1971 EzzatHu1969 Granar1999 Hall1923 Hall1935 Mamet1943a
- Zingiberaceae
- Alpinia mutica | Nakaha1981a
- Alpinia nutans | Ali1971 Green1904d Green1937
- Alpinia purpurata | WilliaBu1987
- Curcuma longa | WilliaWa1990
- Etlingera elatior | WilliaWa1990 | (= Nicolaia speciosa)
- Hedychium coronarium | Ballou1926 CarnerPe1986
Foes:
Families: 9 | Genera: 27
- Aphelinidae
- Coccophagus | BasheeAsRa2014 SengonUyKa1998
- Coccophagus anthracinus | Comper1925
- Coccophagus basalis | RamosSaCo2018
- Coccophagus bivittatus | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Coccophagus ceroplastae | SangmaDaSi2015
- Coccophagus cowperi | Bartle1978
- Coccophagus fallax | RamosSaCo2018
- Coccophagus flavifrons | MyartsRuCo2016
- Coccophagus gondolae | Castel1951 | (= Aneristus gondalae)
- Coccophagus immaculatus | MyartsRuCo2016
- Coccophagus lunulatus | SmailiAbBo2013
- Coccophagus lycimnia | BasheeAsRa2014 Bolu2012 RakimoHoMa2015
- Coccophagus matsuyamensis | Viggia1980
- Coccophagus pulvinariae | MyartsRu2000
- Coccophagus quaestor | MyartsRu2011
- Coccophagus rusti | MyartsRu2011
- Coccophagus scutellaris | ArgyriStMo1976 Bartle1978 Jarray1975 MyartsRu2011
- Coccophagus semicircularis | BernalLuMo1998 RakimoHoMa2015
- Coccophagus shillongensis | DervisStGr2021
- Lounsburyia trifasciata | Comper1925 | (= Coccophagus trifasciatus)
- Marietta leopardina | KfirRo1980 | (= Marietta javensis)
- Marietta mexicana | MyartsRu2000
- Araliaceae
- Polyscias | Suh2023
- Chrysopidae
- Chrysoperla carnea | DervisDrGr2024
- Coccinellidae
- Chilocorus angolensis | Bartle1978
- Chilocorus bipustulatus | PonsonCo2007
- Chilocorus nigritus | PonsonCo2007
- Coccinella septempunctata | DervisDrGr2024
- Exochomus quadripustulatus | DervisDrGr2024
- Cordycipitaceae
- Lecanicillium lecanii | MilleHeCa2016
- Encyrtidae
- Ammonoencyrtus californicus | Comper1925 | (= Eusemion californicum)
- Anicetus annulatus | MyartsRu2011
- Aphycus | BasheeAsRa2014
- Arrhenophagus chionaspidis | RamosSaCo2018
- Cheiloneurus | RakimoHoMa2015
- Diversinervus elegans | Rivnay1944
- Encyrtus | BasheeAsRa2014
- Encyrtus aurantii | ArgyriStMo1976 Bartle1978 BlumbeGo1992 MyartsRu2011 Rivnay1944 | (= Encyrtus lecaniorum)
- Encyrtus infelix | Blumbe1997 BlumbeGo1992
- Encyrtus swederi | Kobakh1956
- Gahaniella saissetiae | MyartsRuCo2016a
- Metaphycus | BasheeAsRa2014
- Metaphycus alberti | KondoWaGa2022
- Metaphycus angustifrons | Bartle1978
- Metaphycus claviger | DavoodTaRa2004
- Metaphycus davoodii | FallahJa2017
- Metaphycus flavus | ArgyriStMo1976 Blumbe1997 SengonUyKa1998
- Metaphycus helvolus | Blumbe1997 BlumbeDe1981
- Metaphycus indicus | FallahJaSa2021
- Metaphycus lounsburyi | GuerriNo2000
- Metaphycus luteolus | Blumbe1997 Flande1953a
- Metaphycus pulvinariae | DavoodTaFa2004
- Metaphycus stanleyi | Bartle1978 BernalLuMo1998 Blumbe1997 BlumbeDe1981
- Metaphycus swirskii | Blumbe1997
- Microterys ericeri | FallahJa2017
- Microterys nietneri | Bartle1978 KfirRo1980 Rivnay1944 Schmut1955b | (= Microterys flavus, Microterys frontatus)
- Microterys nuticaudatus | DavoodTaFa2004
- Microterys seyon | Guerri1996
- Microterys tricoloricornis | Rivnay1944
- Parechthrodryinus coccidiphagus | PriesnHo1940 | (= Protyndarichus coccidiphagus)
- Trichomasthus albimanus | FallahJa2017
- Eulophidae
- Aprostocetus | MohameBaAb2013
- Baryscapus | BasheeAsRa2014
- Dzhanokmenia kozlovi | BasheeAsRa2014
- Tetrastichus | BasheeAsRa2014
- Noctuidae
- Eublemma scitula | GaikwaKeKa2022
- Eublemma scitulum | Rivnay1944
- Pteromalidae
- Scutellista caerulea | BadaryAb2011
Associates:
Families: 1 | Genera: 10
- Formicidae
- Camponotus | LinTaKo2017
- Camponotus rufoglaucus | GithaeOnNd2020
- Cataulacus brevisetosus | GithaeOnNd2020
- Crematogaster castanea | GithaeOnNd2020
- Crematogaster dohrni | TurgutUl2007
- Crematogaster peringueyi | GuindaNoWo2017
- Crematogaster scutellaris | MifsudFsMa2012
- Linepithema humile | McCallMiHo2022
- Myrmicaria opaciventris | GithaeOnNd2020
- Oecophllya smaragdina | TurgutUl2007
- Oecophylla longinoda | GithaeOnNd2020 VayssiGrSi2020
- Pheidole megacephala | ZettleZeRi2012
- Pseudomyrmex simplex | ZettleZeRi2012
- Technomyrmex vitiensis | Malump2011a
Geographic Distribution
Countries: 180
- Afghanistan | KozarFoZa1996 Siddiq1966
- Algeria | Balach1927 Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a
- American Samoa | BenDov1993
- Angola | Almeid1969 Almeid1973b DeLott1967a
- Antigua and Barbuda
- Antigua | PollarAl1986
- Argentina | Mamet1943a
- Buenos Aires | Granar1999
- Chaco | Granar1999
- Corrientes | Granar1999
- Entre Rios | Granar1999
- Jujuy | GranarCl2003
- Mendoza | Granar1999
- Misiones | Granar1999
- Rio Negro | Granar1999
- Salta | Granar1999
- Santa Fe | Granar1999
- Tucuman | Granar1999
- Armenia | TerGri1954 TerGri1966a
- Ascension Island | MalumpWhHa2015 WilliaMe2007
- Australia | DeLott1959 Frogga1915 Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a
- Australian Capital Territory | LinKoGu2013
- New South Wales | LinKoGu2013
- Northern Territory | SmithBeBr1997
- Queensland | SmithBeBr1997
- South Australia | RakimoBeWh2013 SmithBeBr1997
- Tasmania | KondoWaGa2022
- Victoria | RakimoBeWh2013 SmithBeBr1997
- Western Australia | RakimoBeWh2013 SmithBeBr1997
- Austria | Malump2011a
- Azerbaijan | KondoWaGa2022
- Azores | LopesFiMa2008
- Bahamas | KondoWaGa2022
- Balearic Islands
- Majorca | Balach1935b GomezM1946 GomezM1954 GomezM1957 GomezM1958b
- Bangladesh | Varshn1992
- Barbados | KondoWaGa2022
- Belgium | DeLott1959 Hodgso1994a LongoMaPe1995
- Belize | KondoWaGa2022
- Benin | VayssiGrSi2020
- Bermuda | HodgsoHi1990 HodgsoHi1991
- Bhutan | KondoWaGa2022
- Bonin Islands (=Ogasawara-Gunto) | Mamet1943a
- Brazil
- Amazonas | MartinFoCu2015
- Bahia | MartinFoCu2015
- Ceara | MartinFoCu2015
- Distrito Federal (=Brasilia) | RibeirTa2021
- Espirito Santo | CulikMaVe2007 MartinCuWo2004
- Maranhao | RamosSaCo2018
- Para | MartinFoCu2015
- Rio Grande do Norte | MartinFoCu2015
- Rio Grande do Sul | BenDov1993
- Rio de Janeiro | MartinFoCu2015
- Santa Catarina | MartinFoCu2015
- Sao Paulo | BenDov1993
- Bulgaria | KozarTzVi1979 TrenchTrTo2010
- Burkina Faso | KondoWaGa2022
- Burma (=Myanmar) | Ali1971
- Cameroon | Vayssi1913
- Canada | King1901f Mamet1943a
- Alberta | BenDov1993
- British Columbia | KozarHuFo1989 Treher1915
- Canary Islands | BenDov2013 Lindin1911a PerezGCa1987
- Cape Verde | Fernan1975 SchmutPiKl1978 VanHarCoWi1990
- Central African Republic | KondoWaGa2022
- Chile | Kirkal1902 KondoGu2010 Mamet1943a RipaLaRo2008a
- Coquimbo | PizarrAlBa2020
- China
- Hunan | HuHeWa1992
- Shanxi (=Shansi) | Xie1998
- Xianggang (=Hong Kong) | MartinLa2011
- Xizang (=Tibet) | Tang1991
- Christmas Island | AbbottGr2007
- Colombia | Kondo2001 Kondo2008a LongoMaPe1995
- Congo | KondoWaGa2022
- Cook Islands | WilliaWa1990
- Corsica | Foldi2003
- Costa Rica | KondoWaGa2022
- Cote d'Ivoire (=Ivory Coast) | KondoWaGa2022
- Crete | PellizPoSe2011
- Croatia | Masten2007
- Cuba | Ballou1926 MestreHaEv2011
- Cyprus | SismanUl2010
- Democratic Republic of the Congo (=Zaire) | BenDov1993
- Denmark | DeLott1959
- Dominica | KondoWaGa2022
- Dominican Republic | JansenAl2023
- Easter Island | KondoWaGa2022
- Ecuador | BenDov1993
- Egypt | EzzatHu1969 Hall1922 Hall1923 Hall1924a Mamet1943a
- El Salvador | QuezadCoDi1972
- Eritrea | DeLott1959 | HussaiAhTe2017 | DeLott1959
- Estonia | Stalaz2021
- Ethiopia | DeLott1959 DeLott1965a
- Federated States of Micronesia
- Caroline Islands | BenDov1993
- Fiji | WilliaWa1990
- France | Balach1931a Balach1933e Balach1939 Foldi2000 Hodgso1994a
- French Guiana | KondoWaGa2022
- French Polynesia | WilliaWa1990
- Tahiti | KondoWaGa2022
- Galapagos Islands | CaustoPeSi2006 Frogga1915 LincanHoCa2010
- Gambia | KondoWaGa2022
- Georgia (Republic of) | BenDov1993
- Germany | Schonf2015
- Ghana | KondoWaGa2022
- Greece | Argyri1967 Argyri1983 Bodenh1928 Kozar1985 KozarPaPa1991
- Guadeloupe | Balach1957c
- Guatemala | Willia2010
- Guiana | Remill1988
- Guyana (=British Guiana) | Kondo2013 |
- Haiti | PerezG2008
- Hawaiian Islands
- Hawaii | Kirkal1902 Kirkal1904 Mamet1943a
- Honduras | KondoWaGa2022
- Hungary | Kozar1980 Kozar1991 KozarKoFe2013 KozarOrKo1977
- India | Ali1971 Green1908a Mamet1943a Ramakr1919a Ramakr1930 ShafeeYoKh1989
- Andhra Pradesh | AvasthSh1991
- Assam | Varshn1992
- Bihar | Ali1971 AvasthSh1991
- Goa | Ali1971 Ali1973 AvasthSh1991
- Gujarat | AvasthSh1991
- Himachal Pradesh | KondoWaGa2022
- Jammu & Kashmir | AvasthSh1991
- Karnataka | AvasthSh1991 PrakasPa2015
- Kerala | AvasthSh1991 NairMe1963
- Madhya Pradesh | KondoWaGa2022
- Maharashtra | KondoWaGa2022
- NCT Delhi | KondoWaGa2022
- Odisha (=Orissa) | Varshn1992
- Punjab | KondoWaGa2022
- Tamil Nadu | AvasthSh1991
- Tripura | Ali1971 AvasthSh1991
- Uttar Pradesh | AvasthSh1991
- West Bengal | AvasthSh1991 Green1908a
- Indonesia | BenDov1993
- Bali | JansenAl2023
- Irian Jaya |
- Java | KondoWaGa2022
- Sulawesi (=Celebes) | WatsonMuSh2014
- Sumatra | Ali1971
- Iran | Bodenh1944b KozarFoZa1996 Moghad2013 TorabiVaHo2010
- Iraq | Aziz1977 Bodenh1943
- Ireland | OConnoGeMa2013
- Israel | BenDov1993 Bodenh1924 Bodenh1935 KfirRo1980 Rosen1966
- Italy | Hodgso1994a LongoMaPe1995
- Sicily | Liotta1970
- Jamaica | Cocker1893k Cocker1899n Kirkal1902
- Japan | DeLott1959 Kirkal1904 Mamet1943a
- Honshu | KondoWaGa2022
- Kyushu | KondoWaGa2022
- Shikoku | KondoWaGa2022
- Jordan | BenDov2006a
- Kenya | DeLott1959 Newste1917b
- Kiribati | WilliaWa1990
- Laos |
- Latvia | Rasina1955
- Lebanon | BenDov1993
- Libya | Martin1954
- Luxembourg | GertssSc2020
- Madagascar | Mamet1954
- Madeira Islands | FrancoRuMa2011 Green1923b
- Malawi | DeLott1959 Hodgso1969a | DeLott1959
- Malaysia | Ali1971 Suh2023
- Sabah | KondoWaGa2022
- Sarawak | KondoWaGa2022
- Maldives | WatsonOoGi1995
- Mali | MuniapWaVa2012
- Malta | Borg1932 MifsudMaRu2014
- Marshall Islands | BenDov1993
- Martinique | Balach1957c
- Mauritius | DeLott1959 Mamet1936 Mamet1943a
- Mexico | Cocker1899n GonzalAt1984 Mamet1943a MyartsRu2000
- Colima | Cocker1903a
- Morelos | PadillMaNa2016
- Nuevo Leon | PadillMaNa2016
- San Luis Potosi | PadillMaNa2016
- Tamaulipas | PadillMaNa2016
- Veracruz | Cocker1899n
- Morocco | Mamet1943a Rungs1970 Vayssi1920
- Nepal | KondoWaGa2022
- Netherlands | Hodgso1994a
- New Caledonia | WilliaWa1990
- New Zealand | Cocker1893k HenderSuRo2010 Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a | Willia2013
- Nicaragua | KondoWaGa2022
- Niger | KondoWaGa2022
- Nigeria | DeLott1959 | DeLott1959
- Niue | KondoWaGa2022
- Norfolk Island | WilliaWa1990
- North Korea | KondoWaGa2022
- Northern Mariana Islands | BenDov1993
- Oman | KondoWaGa2022
- Pakistan | Varshn1992
- Palau | BenDov1993
- Panama | BenDov1993
- Papua New Guinea | WilliaWa1990
- Paraguay | KondoWaGa2022
- Peru | Beders1969
- Philippines | BenDov1993
- Poland | LagowsGo2020
- Portugal | CarvalFrAg1996 Fernan1992 Hodgso1994a KozarFr1995
- Puerto Rico & Vieques Island
- Puerto Rico | Martor1976 NakahaMi1981
- Republic of the Congo | DeLott1959 | KondoWaGa2022
- Reunion | GermaiMiPa2014 Mamet1952 Mamet1957
- Romania | Kozar1985 Teodor2018
- Russia
- St. Petersburg (=Leningrad) Oblast | CABI1972
- Ryukyu Islands (=Nansei Shoto) | KinjoNaHi1996
- Saint Croix | Beatty1944
- Saint Helena | BenDov1993
- Saint Lucia | Malump2012b
- Sardinia | Melis1930 Pelliz2011
- Saudi Arabia | Beccar1971
- Senegal | EtiennMa1993
- Serbia | DervisDrGr2024
- Seychelles | Green1914d | NeumanODGu2016
- Aldabra Island | Green1907 WilliaMa2009b
- Sierra Leone | DeLott1959
- Singapore | Suh2023
- Slovenia | Janezi1954 Seljak2010
- Solomon Islands | WilliaWa1990
- Somalia | Schmut1964
- South Africa | Anneck1966 Brain1920a Cocker1894t DeLott1959 Kirkal1902 Mamet1943a
- South Korea | ChoJeKa2013 ESKSAE1994
- Spain | LinKoGu2013
- Sri Lanka | Ali1971 DeLott1959 Green1904d Green1937 Mamet1943a
- Subantarctic islands
- Tristan da Cunha | CABI2020
- Sudan | DeLott1959
- Suriname | BenDov1993
- Sweden | BenDov1993
- Switzerland | KozarGuBa1994
- Syria | BasheeAsRa2014 Bodenh1926
- Taiwan | Ali1971 Mamet1943a WongChCh1999
- Tajikistan (=Tadzhikistan) | KondoWaGa2022
- Tanzania | DeLott1959 Green1916a Mamet1943a Newste1911a
- Thailand | Ali1971 LongoMaPe1995
- Togo | KondoWaGa2022
- Tokelau | KondoWaGa2022
- Tonga | WilliaWa1990
- Trinidad and Tobago
- Trinidad | Cocker1896h Cocker1896k
- Tunisia | Jarray1970 Mamet1943a
- Turkey | Bodenh1953 Hodgso1994a KaydanUlEr2007 SengonUyKa1998 Tuncyu1970 UygunSeEr1998
- Turkmenistan
- Ashkahabad Oblast | Archan1930 Potaev1993
- Tuvalu | WilliaWa1990
- U.S. Virgin Islands | BenDov1993 | KondoWaGa2022
- Uganda | DeLott1959 Newste1910c
- Ukraine
- Krym (=Crimea) Oblast | BenDov1993
- Odessa Oblast | CABI1972
- United Kingdom
- Channel Islands | Green1925b
- England | DeLott1959 Green1917a Green1920 Green1928 Newste1900a Newste1917
- England | Green1928a MalumpBa2012
- Northern Ireland | OConnoGeMa2013
- United States
- Alabama | KondoWaGa2022
- Arizona | KondoWaGa2022
- California | Ferris1920b
- Florida | HamonWi1984
- Georgia | KondoWaGa2022
- Indiana | DietzMo1916a
- Iowa | BenDov1993
- Kentucky | VillanGaAh2021
- Louisiana | KondoWaGa2022
- Maine | King1903b
- Maryland | Koszta1996
- Massachusetts | King1899b
- Mississippi | KondoWaGa2022
- Missouri | BenDov1993
- New Mexico | KondoWaGa2022
- North Carolina | KondoWaGa2022
- Oregon | SchuhMo1948
- Pennsylvania | KondoWaGa2022
- South Carolina | KondoWaGa2022
- Tennessee | BenDov1993
- Texas | Dean1955
- Utah | KondoWaGa2022
- Virginia | WilliaKo1972
- Washington | KondoWaGa2022
- West Virginia | KondoWaGa2022
- Wyoming | BenDov1993
- Uruguay | KondoWaGa2022
- Uzbekistan | SobiroZoQa2024
- Vanuatu (=New Hebrides) | WilliaBu1987
- Venezuela | KondoWaGa2022
- Vietnam | DanzigKo1990
- Western Samoa | WilliaWa1990
- Yugoslavia | Kozar1983a
- Zambia | Hodgso1969a
- Zanzibar | KondoWaGa2022
- Zimbabwe | DeLott1959 DeLott1965a Hall1935 Hodgso1967 Hodgso1969a
Keys
- CaoWaHo2022: pp.126 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species in China]
- DubeyKaJo2022: pp.514 ( Adult (F) ) [species of Coccus infesting Areca catechu in Karnataka]
- Hodgso2020: pp.221-223 ( Adult (M) ) [Coccidae species]
- LagowsHo2019: pp.382-384 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus species from Africa]
- ChoiLe2018: pp.122-123 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccus in Korea]
- KondoMoDi2018: pp.381-382 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae associated with Rosmarinus]
- ChoiSoLe2018: pp.6-7 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae in Laos]
- MohammMo2013: pp.146-148 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to species and subspecies of family coccidae in Egypt]
- WangFe2012a: pp.61 ( Adult (F) ) [Key to adult female Coccus known from China]
- KondoGu2010: pp.13-14 ( Adult (F) ) [Coccidae species of Chile]
- HodgsoHe2000: pp.195 ( Adult (F) ) [New Zealand]
- Koszta1996: pp.337 ( Adult (F) ) [Northeastern North America]
- Tang1991: pp.77 ( Adult (F) ) [China]
- WilliaWa1990: pp.82 ( Adult (F) ) [Tropical South Pacific]
- Gill1988: pp.26 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, California]
- HamonWi1984: pp.38 ( Adult (F) ) [USA, Florida]
- TaoWoCh1983: pp.63 ( Adult (F) ) [Taiwan]
- Kawai1980: pp.141-142 ( Adult (F) ) [Japan]
- EzzatHu1969: pp.372 ( Adult (F) ) [Egypt]
- Beards1966: pp.483 ( Adult (F) ) [Micronesia]
- DeLott1959: pp.153-154 ( Adult (F) ) [Ethiopian Coccus sp.]
- Borchs1957: pp.294 ( Adult (F) ) [Palaearctic region]
- Zimmer1948: pp.294 ( Adult (F) ) [Hawaii]
Remarks
- Systematics: Subfamily: Coccinae A, Coccini (Choi & Lee, 2019)
The complete mitogenome sequence of Coccus hesperidum was deposited in GenBank (accession number: OR167606). (Hou, et al., 2023)
The taxonomy of this species has been refined and, more or less, stabilized only since the studies of De Lotto (1959, 1965). Therefore, most earlier descriptions and illustrations are inadequate for a good definition of C. hesperidum.Ben-Dov (1993) erroneously indicated that type material of Coccus patellaeformis Curtis, 1843 was lost. However, Ken Walker (Department of Entomology, Museum of Victoria, Abbotsford, Victoria, Australia) in personal communication (May 2002) to Yair Ben-Dov, informed that the types are deposited in the Victoria Museum.
Hodgson (1967) and Gill et al. (1977) found considerable morphological variation in some distinctive features, such as the ventral tubular ducts and the dorsal submarginal tubular ducts. Giliomee (1967) described and illustrated the adult male, based on material collected in St. Petersburg [=Leningrad], Russia from Laurus nobilis and from "citrus".The redescription and illustration of the female, named Calymnatus hesperidum by Valemberg (1980), appears to be a misidentification of a Coccus sp., which is different from C. hesperidum.
Blair et al. (1964) analyzed the intraspecific variation of 18 characters of the adult female. Considerable variation in the morphology, such as ventral tubular ducts, dorsal submarginal tubular ducts and dorsal setal shape, suggests that C. hesperidum as presently understood may be a cryptic species complex. Recently, based on the morphology of the adult female and DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci, a species that closely resembles C. hesperidum, namely Coccus praetermissus Lin & Tanaka, was described, which can be separated morphologically from C. hesperidum only by the dorsal setae having bluntly rounded tips (quite sharply pointed in C. hesperidum). (Kondo, Watson & Gavrilov-Zimin, 2022) - Structure: The adult female is oval, flat or slightly convex. Young adult yellowish-green to yellowish-brown, flecked with brown spots, which occasionally coalesce into mottled areas. The crawlers are produced by the female into a chamber beneath the ventral derm. Colour photograph by Kawai (1980, Figs. 6.9, a,b), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Katsoyannos (1996), Wong et al. (1999), Hodgson & Henderson (2000) and by Germain et al., (2003). Intraspecific variation of taxonomic characters in adult female studied by Lagowska (2001).
- Biology: Females were reported to reproduce parthenogenetically in most areas. Males were not observed in California, Israel, South Africa. However, males, reported to belong to this species, were observed in England (Newstead, 1917a) and in greenhouse population in USSR (Saakyan-Baranova, 1964). Develops six annual generations in Israel (Bodenheimer, 1951a; Avidov & Harpaz, 1969); 3-5 generations in USA, southern California (Ebeling, 1959). Life history in Spain described by Llorens Climent (1984). Annecke (1966) reported that the female moults only twice before maturity. However, this might be an erroneous observation, because females in other species of Coccus as well as in most other genera develop through three larval instars. Hart & Ingle (1971) observed increased fecundity after exposure to Methyl Parathion. Encapsulation of parasitoid eggs was studied by Blumberg (1977) and Blumberg & DeBach (1981). The encapsulation of eggs of Encyrtus infelix (Embleton) and of E. lecaniorum (Mayr) was determined by Blumberg & Goldenberg (1992).
- Economic Importance: The brown soft scale is one of the highly polyphagous and most widely distributed soft scale species. It is regarded a citrus pest in several countries over different regions (Talhouk, 1975; Bartlett, 1978). An important pest of various fruit trees, ornamentals and in green houses (Ebeling, 1959). Lagowska (1995) reviewed the prospects of biological control in greenhouses. Coccus hesperidumwas found to be infesting orchids in Sikkim, India. (Sangma, et al., 2015)
- General Remarks: Description and illustration of adult female by Zimmerman (1948), De Lotto (1959, 1965), Hodgson (1967, 1994a), Ezzat & Hussein (1969), Williams & Kosztarab (1972), Gill et al. (1977), Tao et al. (1983), Hamon & Williams (1984), Gill (1988), Williams & Watson (1990), Kosztarab (1996), Granara de Willink (1999), Hodgson & Henderson (2000) and by Lagowska (2001). Description of adult female and first-instar nymph by Borchsenius (1957).
Illustrations
Citations
- AbbottGr2007: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, 1238-1246
- AbdRabEv2021: distribution, host, 29
- AbdRabHaHu2001: biological control, distribution, host, 179-184
- AbouEl2001: biological control, distribution, host, 185-195
- AhnKiKi2020: distribution, host, 7
- AlShamQu2024: natural enemies, 2
- Alfons1875: taxonomy, 428
- Ali1971: distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 21,24-25
- Ali1973: distribution, host, 670-671
- Almeid1969: distribution, host, taxonomy, 147-148
- Almeid1973b: distribution, host, 3
- AlmeidPeMa2018: distribution, host, 355
- AmouroCrCo2019: distribution, natural enemies, 12
- AmouroCrGe2017: DNA sequencing, phylogenetics, phylogeny, 2-9
- Anneck1966: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 205-227
- Anneck1969: biological control, 849-854
- AnneckMy1972: biological control, 227-274
- AnneckMy1979: biological control, 143-150
- Archan1929: distribution, host, 194
- Archan1930: distribution, host, 79
- Argyri1967: distribution, host, 68
- Argyri1970: biological control, distribution, host, 57-65
- Argyri1983: distribution, host, 364
- ArgyriStMo1976: biological control, distribution, host, 23
- ArouaKaBe2019: distribution, host,
- AvasthSh1991: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 338-341
- Aziz1977: distribution, host, 46-47
- BadaryAb2011: biological control, distribution, host, 52-53
- Badr2014: distribution, host, 51
- Balach1927: distribution, host, 185
- Balach1931a: distribution, host, 100
- Balach1932d: distribution, host, taxonomy, xxix
- Balach1932e: distribution, host, 237
- Balach1933e: distribution, host, 5
- Balach1935b: distribution, host, 264
- Balach1939: distribution, host, 257
- Balach1957c: distribution, host, 207
- Ballou1926: catalog, distribution, host, 19-20
- Bartle1969: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 875-878
- Bartle1978: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 60-62
- BartleBa1964: biological control, life history, 496-503
- BartleBa1966: biological control, life history, physiology, 42-45
- BasheeAsRa2014: biological control, distribution, host, 48-52
- BatsanKaKi2017: distribution, host, 254
- Beards1966: distribution, host, taxonomy, 483-485
- Beatty1944: distribution, host, 114-172
- Beccar1971: distribution, host, 194
- Beders1969: chemical control, distribution, host, 933-940
- Bedfor1973: biological control, 4-11
- Beingo1969d: biological control, 827-838
- BenDov1993: catalog, 73-78
- BenDov2006a: distribution, host, 206
- BenDov2012: catalog, distribution, host, 25, 44
- BenDov2013: distribution, illustration, 71
- BenDovCa2006: distribution, host, 326
- BenDovSa2015: distribution, host, 313
- BennetRoCo1976: biological control, economic importance, 359-395
- BernalLuMo1998: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 510-518
- BernalLuMo1999: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 191-204
- BertelBa1966: distribution, host, 17-46
- BlairBlBo1964: taxonomy, 129-134
- Blumbe1976a: biological control, ecology, 1396-1397
- Blumbe1977: biological control, ecology, life history, 185-192
- Blumbe1997: biological control, ecology, 225-236
- BlumbeDe1981: biological control, economic importance, life history, 73-79
- BlumbeGo1992: biological control, life history, 57-65
- Bodenh1924: distribution, host, taxonomy, 67-68
- Bodenh1926: distribution, host, 44
- Bodenh1928: distribution, host, 192
- Bodenh1935: distribution, host, 249
- Bodenh1937: distribution, host, 219
- Bodenh1943: distribution, host, 12
- Bodenh1944b: distribution, host, 88
- Bodenh1951a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 354-381
- Bodenh1953a: distribution, host, 94
- Bogo2003: chemistry, physiology, 593-599
- BogoMa2000: chemistry, 589-595
- Bolu2012: biological control, 110
- BoratyWi1964: taxonomy, 108
- Borchs1937a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 8147
- Borchs1950: distribution, host, taxonomy, 144-146
- Borchs1957: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 294-300
- Borg1919: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 33-35
- Borg1932: distribution, host, 15
- BouhelDeDe1932: control, distribution, host, 1-60
- Boulet1986: biological control, life history, physiology, 169-200
- Brader1979: biological control, chemical control, 225
- Brain1920a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 3-4
- BrainKe1917: distribution, host, 183
- Brimbl1961: distribution, host, 1-2
- Brimbl1962: distribution, economic importance, host, 226
- Brock1925: distribution, economic importance, host, 349,366
- BrooksHaSm1989: distribution, economic importance, host, 513
- Buchne1953: structure, taxonomy, 210-213
- Buchne1965: structure, taxonomy, 232-233
- BuitenMcBo2004: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 273-285
- CABI2020: biological control, distribution, ecology, natural enemies,
- CaldweLe2024: biology, control, diagnosis, illustration, 3-4
- CamachCh2015: distribution, ecology, host, life history, 4, 7, 11
- CaoWaHo2022: key, 126
- CarmanElEw1954: chemical control, host, 1-11
- CarmanEwJe1951: chemical control, host, 1-16
- CarmanEwJe1956: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1957: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1958: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1959: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1960: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1961: chemical control,
- CarmanEwJe1962: chemical control,
- CarmanEwRi1980: control, distribution, host, 14-77
- CarvalFrAg1996: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 614
- Castel1951: biological control, 89-92
- Castel1951a: biological control, 95-98
- CaustoPeSi2006: distribution, 137
- CebeciSe2004: distribution, host, 209
- Cendan1937: biological control, 337-339
- ChapotDe1964: distribution, economic importance, host,
- CharleCoMu2005: distribution, host, 1-4
- ChatteGhSe2000: distribution, host, life history, 229-233
- ChoJeKa2013: distribution, host, 405
- ChoiLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, morphology, 127, 128, 129
- ChoiLe2019: phylogeny, taxonomy, wax secretion, 402, 404
- ChoiSoLe2018: diagnosis, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 29-30
- Chou1947a: chemical control, taxonomy, 38
- Cocker1893g: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 49,53
- Cocker1893j: distribution, 254
- Cocker1893k: distribution, host, taxonomy, 548
- Cocker1893m: taxonomy, 161
- Cocker1894d: taxonomy, 311
- Cocker1894i: biological control, description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 18-19
- Cocker1894o: taxonomy, 29-31
- Cocker1894t: distribution, 178
- Cocker1895u: distribution, taxonomy, 728
- Cocker1896b: distribution, 331
- Cocker1896h: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 19
- Cocker1896k: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, iv
- Cocker1897p: description, taxonomy, 590-591
- Cocker1898r: distribution, 240
- Cocker1899a: taxonomy, 393
- Cocker1899n: distribution, host, 10
- Cocker1902p: distribution, 255
- Cocker1903a: distribution, host, 162
- Cocker1929b: taxonomy, 150
- Cocker1933: taxonomy, 35
- Comper1924: biological control, 13-23
- Comper1925: biological control, 295-326
- Comper1938: biological control, 315-337
- Comper1947a: biological control, 281-283
- Comper1961: biological control, 177
- Comper1961a: biological control, 17-71
- Comper1969: biological control, economic importance, 755-764
- ComperAn1961: biological control, distribution, host, 17
- Comsto1881a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 335
- CorseuBa1971: distribution, host, 238
- CulikMaVe2007: distribution, host, 1-5
- Curtis1843a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 517-518
- DahlstHa1999: economic importance, 919-933
- DaneelMeJa1994: distribution, host, 72
- Danzig1972: distribution, host, 200
- Danzig1995: taxonomy, 21
- DanzigKe1981a: taxonomy, 147-152
- DanzigKo1990: distribution, host, 44
- DarvasVi1983: chemical control, 455-463
- Das1959: distribution, host, 437-448
- DavidsDiFl1991: chemical control, 1-47
- DavoodTaFa2004: biological control, distribution, 51-66
- DavoodTaRa2002a: biological control, distribution, host, 79-80
- DavoodTaRa2004: biological control, distribution, 129-130
- DavoodTaRa2004a: biological control, 887-899
- DeBach1958: biological control, distribution, ecology, host, 187-194
- DeBach1958a: biological control, 759-768
- DeBachDiFl1951: biological control, 1,14,347-348
- DeBachHuMa1976: biological control, 255-285
- DeLott1959: description, distribution, host, illustration, key, taxonomy, 152, 154, 160-164
- DeLott1965a: distribution, host, 192
- DeLott1967a: distribution, host, 111
- DeitzTo1980: taxonomy, 31
- DelGue1906: distribution, host, 257-263
- Delucc1975: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- DengLiCh2016: economic importance, 3
- DengYuWa2021: illustration, symbionts, 4
- DervisDrGr2024: biological control, natural enemies, 254-257
- DervisStMi2024: natural enemies, 18,20
- DietzMo1916a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 245-246
- DilleyDaGl2020: distribution, ecology,
- Dougla1886b: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 77-78
- DowellGiJe2016: distribution, 113
- DubeyKaJo2022: distribution, host, key, 510, 512
- Dzhash1970: distribution, host, taxonomy, 179-180
- ESKSAE1994: distribution, list, 111
- Ebelin1959: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- EhlerEn1984: biological control, chemical control, distribution, 1-47
- Ehrhor1898: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 245
- ElekciKa2021: distribution, host, 7
- ElekciSe2007: biological control, distribution, host, 29-34
- ElimemJeLa2022: distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies,
- ElmerEwCa1951: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 593-597
- ElsebaAh2017: distribution, host, 1072
- ElzenKi1999: biological control, 253-270
- EtiennMa1993: distribution, host, 255
- EtzelLe1999: biological control, 125-197
- Ewart1969: chemical control, 879-880
- EwartCa1951: chemical control, distribution, host, 1-10
- EwartCaJe1954: chemical control, 1-11
- EwartEl1953a: distribution, economic importance, host, 352
- EwartMe1956: chemistry, 441-447
- EzzatHu1969: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 393-395
- EzzatNa1987: distribution, 86
- FDACS2010: distribution, host, 4
- FallahJa2017: distribution, host, natural enemies, 13, 19, 20, 22, 23, 29, 33
- FallahJaSa2021: natural enemies, 278
- FavretOuWi2014: taxonomy, 73
- Fernal1903b: 168-170,172-174
- Fernan1972: distribution, host, 14-15
- Fernan1973a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 258-261
- Fernan1975: distribution, host, 43
- Fernan1987a: distribution, host, 34
- Fernan1992: distribution, host, 60
- Ferris1920b: distribution, host, 36
- Fiedle2003: control, distribution, host, 12-13
- Flande1936b: biological control, 251-255
- Flande1937: biological control, 401-422
- Flande1938: biological control, 167-180
- Flande1945a: biological control, distribution, host, 711-712
- Flande1949a: biological control, 257-274
- Flande1951b: biological control, 93-98
- Flande1953a: biological control, 266-269
- Flande1959b: biological control, 125-142
- FlandeBa1964: biological control, 320-322
- Fletch1951: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-24
- FlintVa1981: biological control, 1
- Foldi1978: structure, taxonomy, 155-163
- Foldi1997: ecology, taxonomy, 205
- Foldi2000: distribution, host, 82
- Foldi2003: distribution, host, 150
- FoldiGe2018: distribution, 8
- Fonsec1953: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 5-53,97-114
- FrancoPa1991: distribution, host, 283
- FrancoRuMa2011: distribution, 5,22
- Frank2021: ecology, natural enemies, 7, 8
- Frogga1915: distribution, host, taxonomy, 608
- FrohliRo1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-10
- FytizaKa1983: biological control, life history, 273-279
- GaikwaKeKa2022: natural enemies, 4
- GalchiYaNo2024: control, 2
- Gavril2018: reproduction, 230
- Gavril2021a: cytogenetics, nymph, 261
- GelovaKh1983: taxonomy,
- Georgh1977: distribution, 148
- Germai2011: distribution, economic importance, 31-34
- Germai2011a: distribution, economic importance, 8
- GermaiDeLa2016: distribution, host, 2
- GermaiMaPi2002: distribution, host, 254
- GermaiMaPi2003: distribution, host, structure, 22
- GermaiMiPa2014: distribution, 22
- Gertso2016: distribution, host, 152
- Gertss2008: catalog, taxonomy, 55-58
- GertssSc2020: distribution, host, 132
- Gharbi2021: biology, distribution, host, structure, 5
- Giliom1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 92-96
- Gill1988: description, distribution, ecology, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 26-27,31
- GillKo1997: distribution, economic importance, host, 161-163
- GillNaWi1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 8,11,18-24
- GithaeOnNd2020: ant association,
- GithaeOnNd2021: distribution, host, 81
- Goeze1778: taxonomy, 332-333
- Golan2008: life history, physiology,
- Golan2008a: honeydew, life history, morphology, physiology, 111-121
- GomesC1949: distribution, host,
- GomezC1950: biological control, distribution, host, 1-18
- GomezM1929: taxonomy, 4
- GomezM1937: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 295-301
- GomezM1946: distribution, host, 90
- GomezM1954: distribution, host, 136
- GomezM1957: distribution, host, 62
- GomezM1958b: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63-70
- GomezM1958c: distribution, host, 407
- GomezM1960O: distribution, host, 182
- GomezPBaLa2017: symbiont,
- Gonzal1969: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 839-847
- Gonzal1989: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, taxonomy, 81-86
- Gonzal2016: distribution, 14, 33, 204-206
- GonzalAt1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 215-216
- GoszczGo2011: biological control, distribution, host, life history, 114-115
- Gourla1930a: biological control, 339-343
- GradyRe1940: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 1-32
- Granar1999: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 81-83
- GranarCl2003: distribution, host, 625-637
- Greath1971: biological control, distribution, host,
- Green1904d: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 188-189,197,205
- Green1907: distribution, host, 200
- Green1908a: distribution, host, 30
- Green1914d: distribution, host, 47
- Green1916a: distribution, host, 375
- Green1917a: distribution, host, 202-203
- Green1920: distribution, host, 124-125
- Green1923b: distribution, host, 88
- Green1925b: distribution, host, 518
- Green1928: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 5
- Green1928a: distribution, host, 30
- Green1930c: distribution, host, 281
- Green1937: catalog, distribution, host, 298-300
- GriffiTh1947: chemical control, distribution, host, 386-388
- GroveDe2017: distribution, host, 300
- GroveDeDa2013: distribution, host, 378
- GruwelVoPa2005: endosymbionts, taxonomy, 79-114
- Guerri1996: biological control, distribution, host, 107-111
- GugliuMaMa2019: host, list, 4, 6
- GuindaNoWo2017: ant association, diagnosis,
- Guncan2015: distribution, host,
- Hadzib1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 126-128
- Hall1922: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 18-19
- Hall1923: distribution, host, taxonomy, 39
- Hall1924a: distribution, host, 9-10
- Hall1935: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 74-75
- HallFo1933: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-55
- HamonWi1984: description, distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 41-44
- HarpazRo1971: biological control, economic importance, 458-468
- Hart1896: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 156
- HartIn1971: chemical control, physiology, 204-208
- HartInGa1969: distribution, economic importance, host, 855-858
- HartMy1968: control, ecology, life history, 617-624
- Hayat1971: biological control, 421-432
- Hellri2004: distribution, host, 85
- Hempel1900a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 436
- HenderSuRo2010: 2
- HernanNiMa2011: host, 379-380
- HickelDu1995: distribution, host, 665-668
- Hoddle2004: biological control,
- Hodgso1967: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 3-4
- Hodgso1969a: distribution, host, 6
- Hodgso1969c: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 19-21
- Hodgso1994a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 182-185
- Hodgso2020: key, 222
- HodgsoHe2000: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 195-196,198
- HodgsoHi1990: distribution, host, 2-6,8-10,12-22
- HodgsoHi1991: distribution, host, 163
- HodgsoLa2011: distribution, host, 20
- HodgsoMi2002IMa: phylogeny, taxonomy, 511
- HouWeZh2023: DNA, phylogenetics,
- HuHeWa1992: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 185
- Hui1988: biological control, 395-398
- Hunter1899a: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 75
- HussaiAhTe2017: chemical control, distribution, natural enemies, 1226-1230
- Iperti1961: biological control, 14-30
- Ishii1926: biological control, 31-36
- Jahan1999: distribution, host, life history, 87-92
- JamesStOM1997: biological control, distribution, host, 257-259
- Janezi1954: distribution, host, 125
- Jansen1995: distribution, host, 134,141
- JansenAl2023: dispersal, host, 23,32
- JaposhBaKi2020: distribution, host, 62
- Jarray1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 85-89
- Jarray1975: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 415-456
- Jarray1981: biological control, 51-63
- JaszaiDa1983: chemical control, 198-202
- KakotiDeRo2022: biology, distribution, host, list, 7
- KansuUy1979: biological control, distribution, host, 565-567
- KapranMiLu2004: biological control, chemistry, life history, 113-117
- KapranMoPa2007: biological control, natural enemies,
- KapranTe2015: illustration, natural enemies, 196
- KapranWaLu2009: biological control, life history, 652-662
- Katsoy1996: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 15,20,81-82
- Kaussa1957: distribution, host, 2
- Kawai1972: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 11
- Kawai1980: distribution, host, taxonomy, 143
- KaydanUlEr2007: catalog, distribution, host, 91
- KfirPoRo1975: biological control, life history, 707-709
- KfirPoRo1976: biological control, life history, 287-295
- KfirRo1980: biological control, distribution, host, 223-237
- KfirRo1980a: biological control, distribution, host, 114-115
- KfirRo1981: biological control, 141-150
- KfirRoPo1983: biological control, life history, 320-328
- KhaladBoMa2024: distribution, species richness, survey,
- KhaladGu2019: distribution, ecology,
- King1899b: distribution, host, 140
- King1901f: distribution, host, taxonomy, 194
- King1903b: distribution, host, 191
- KinjoNaHi1996: distribution, host, 126
- Kiritc1928: distribution, host, 114
- Kiritc1932a: taxonomy, 252
- Kiritc1935: distribution, host, 2
- Kiritc1936: distribution, 73
- Kirkal1902: distribution, host, taxonomy, 105
- Kirkal1904: distribution, host, taxonomy, 228
- Kondo2001: distribution, host, taxonomy, 41
- Kondo2008a: distribution, host, 25-29
- Kondo2013: distribution, host, 45
- KondoGu2010: distribution, host, 13
- KondoLoQu2010: biological control, 7-13
- KondoMoDi2018: host, key, 381
- KondoMu2016: disease transmission, distribution, host, illustration, 9-10
- KondoWa2022a: distribution, host, list, 10
- KondoWaGa2022: control, diagnosis, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 249-251
- Koszta1996: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, life history, taxonomy, 337-338,342
- Koteja1974a: taxonomy, 249
- Koteja1974b: distribution, 82
- Kozar1980: distribution, host, 67
- Kozar1983a: distribution, 146
- Kozar1985: distribution, host, 201-202
- Kozar1991: distribution, host, 81
- KozarFoZa1996: distribution, host, 65
- KozarFr1995: distribution, host, 71
- KozarGuBa1994: distribution, host, 154
- KozarHuFo1989: distribution, host, 73
- KozarKoFe2013: distribution, taxonomy, 52
- KozarOrKo1977: distribution, host, 72
- KozarPaPa1991: distribution, host, 65
- KozarSzFe2013: distribution, list of species, 82, 94, 109, 128, 146, 164
- KozarTzVi1979: distribution, host, 130
- KozarWa1985: catalog, 76
- Kozarz1992: distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 264-266
- KozarzRe1975: description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 23
- KreiteAuGe2006: distribution, economic importance, host, 143
- Kuwana1902: distribution, host, taxonomy, 64
- Kuwana1907: distribution, host, taxonomy, 192
- Kuwana1909a: distribution, host, 159
- Kuwana1931b: distribution, host, 165
- KwonHaCh2005: distribution, 52-60
- Lagows1995: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 5-10
- Lagows1995a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 375-378
- Lagows2001: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 105-112
- LagowsGo2020: distribution, 67
- LagowsGoHo2022: distribution, host, list, 8
- LagowsHo2019: key, 382-384
- Laing1927: distribution, host, 38
- LambdiWa1980: distribution, host, 79
- Lawson1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 196-197
- LeonEvCa2001: biological control, distribution, host, 143-146
- LeonKo2017: biological control, chemical control, diagnosis, host, illustration, natural enemies, 71-73
- Leonar1920: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 319-323
- LinDiGu2017: DNA, distribution, genebank, phylogeny, 120
- LinKoGu2013: distribution, host, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 251-252, 258
- LinTaKo2017: DNA, distribution, morphology, taxonomy, 571-591
- LincanHoCa2010: distribution, host, 4
- Lindin1911a: distribution, host, 33
- Lindin1912b: distribution, host, taxonomy, 71,93,98,160
- Linnae1758: description, distribution, host, 455
- Liotta1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 33
- LiottaMiRa1977: economic importance, host, 29-67
- LiuXiXu2011: anatomy, biological control, entomopathogenic fungi, 71-79
- Lloren1984: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy,
- LoBueFoMi2004: chemistry, ecology, physiology, 151-156
- LoBueFoMi2004a: biological control, chemistry, life history, 127-132
- LondonKoCa2014: distribution, host, 265, 268
- LongoMaPe1995: distribution, host, 134, 141
- LopesFiMa2008: distribution, host, 153-154
- Lozzia1985: distribution, host, 122-124
- LucasPoDe2024: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, illustration, record, 2
- Mahbub1999: distribution, host, life history, 87-92
- MalipaDuSm2000: biological control, 85,86
- Malump2011a: distribution, economic importance, host, illustration, 50-53
- Malump2012a: economic importance, 245
- Malump2012b: distribution, 210
- Malump2014a: distribution, host, 72
- Malump2016: distribution, host, 245-251
- MalumpBa2012: distribution, economic importance, host, 19-20,38,41
- MalumpKa2011a: distribution, host, illustration, 50,53
- MalumpRe2011: distribution, host, 69
- MalumpWhHa2015: distribution, host, 135
- Mamet1936: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 95-96
- Mamet1943a: distribution, host, 152
- Mamet1949: catalog, distribution, host, 24-25
- Mamet1952: distribution, host, 171
- Mamet1954: distribution, host, 13
- Mamet1957: distribution, host, 374
- MartUyAl1995: distribution, host,
- Martin1954: distribution, host, 113-116
- Martin1984MP: distribution, host, 68-69
- MartinCuWo2004: distribution, host, 655-657
- MartinFoCu2015: distribution, host,
- MartinLa2011: catalog, distribution, 35
- Martor1976: distribution, host, 6,25,43,134,165,177
- Maskel1897: distribution, host, taxonomy, 310-311
- Masten2007: distribution, host, taxonomy, 1-242
- MastenSeSi2016: host, list of species, 231-235
- Matile1976: distribution, host, 295
- Matile1984c: distribution, host, 220
- MatileEt2006: distribution, host, 165
- MatileNo1984: distribution, host, 63
- MatilePe2002: distribution, host, 354
- MazzeoLoRu1994: distribution, host, 205
- MazzeoSuRu2008: distribution, host, 149-152
- McCallMiHo2022: ant association, biological control,
- Melis1930: distribution, host, 17
- MessenVa1971: biological control, 68-92
- MessenWiWh1976: biological control, 209
- MestreHaEv2011: distribution, 6
- MestreHoHa2015: distribution, host, 7
- MestreKo2018: distribution, 5
- MetcalMe1993: control, distribution, economic importance, host,
- Meurge2011: distribution, 80
- MifsudFsMa2012: distribution, host, illustration, natural enemies, 16-18
- MifsudMaRu2014: distribution, host, 503
- MilleHeCa2016: distribution, economic importance, host, natural enemies, 132
- Miller1996: catalog, distribution, 70
- Moghad2009: distribution, host, 6-7
- Moghad2013a: distribution, illustration, 8
- MoghadWa2024: distribution, economic importance, illustration, 8, 13-14, 18
- MohameBaAb2013: natural enemies,
- MohammGh2008: distribution, 149
- MohammMo2013: illustration, structure, 147, 153
- Mohara1990: taxonomy, 48
- MoharuBa2015: distribution, host, 103-104
- MohyudMa1993: biological control, distribution, host, 467-483
- Monast1958: control, economic importance, 131-165
- Monast1962: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 101-108
- Morris1929: distribution, host, 39
- MumaSeDe1961: biological control, 1-39
- MuniapWaVa2012: distribution, 4-6
- MyartsRu2000: biological control, distribution, 7-33
- MyartsRu2011: biological control, 65-72
- MyartsRuCo2016a: natural enemies, 781
- NAS1975: control,
- Nair1964: distribution, economic importance, host, 72
- NairMe1963: distribution, host, 139
- Nakaha1981a: distribution, host, 390
- Nakaha1983: distribution, host, 4
- NakahaMi1981: distribution, host, 30
- NakaoTaTa1977: biological control, distribution, host, 61-68
- NeumanODGu2016: ant association, dispersal, distribution, host, 159-166
- Neves1936: distribution, host, 205-206
- Newste1892: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 141
- Newste1900a: distribution, host, life history, 24
- Newste1910c: distribution, host, 187
- Newste1911a: distribution, host, 164
- Newste1917: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 360-361
- Newste1917b: distribution, host, 130
- Nur1979: structure, taxonomy, 89-104
- OConnoGeMa2013: distribution, host, 33, 36
- OberemLaGa2024: DNA, control,
- OmerCoJoWh1946: biological control, 154
- Oncuer1974: biological control, description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 18-59
- OrdoghRe1988: control, distribution, economic importance, host, 418-420
- Ossian1959: distribution, host, 199
- PadillMaNa2016: distribution, host, 554
- Paik1972: distribution, host, 1-4
- Panis1974a: biological control, 131-134
- Panis1982: biological control, distribution, 12-22
- Peleka1962: distribution, host, 60
- Pelliz2011: distribution, 311
- PellizChMi2015: distribution, 60,71
- PellizPoSe2011: distribution, host, 294,297
- PerezG2008: distribution, 212
- PerezGCa1987: distribution, host, 127
- Petch1921: biological control, 18-40
- PettitMc1920: distribution, host, taxonomy, 16-17
- Picard1919: host, 3
- PicartMa2000: distribution, host, 14-20
- PietriBiCo1969: chemical control, 909-915
- PizarrAlBa2020: distribution, host, 27
- Podsia1983a: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 272
- PonsonCo2007: biological control, life history, 629-640
- Potaev1993: distribution, host, 34, 37
- Powell1986: biological control, distribution, host, 319-340
- PrakasPa2015: distribution,
- Pratt1958: distribution, host,
- Quayle1911e: biological control, distribution, host, 510-515
- QuezadCoDi1972: distribution, host, 20-22
- RabbStVa1976: biological control, 233
- RakimoBeWh2013: distribution, host, 372-375
- RakimoHoMa2015: distribution, host, natural enemies,
- Ramakr1919a: distribution, host, 33-35
- Ramakr1921a: catalog, distribution, host, 348,350
- Ramakr1930: distribution, host, 46-47
- RamosSaCo2018: distribution, host, natural enemies, 274
- Rasina1955: distribution, host, 70
- RayMcSt2012: host, 312
- ReedHaIn1970: distribution, ecology, economic importance, host, 792-794
- Reh1903: distribution, host, 459
- Rehace1960: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 44-45
- Reider1988: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 217-218
- Reinki1964: chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 70-71
- Remill1988: distribution, host, 55
- RibeirTa2021: distribution, host, illustration,
- RiehlBrMc1980: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, 319
- RipaLaRo2008a: biological control, description, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 145-147
- Rivnay1944: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, 73-81
- Rosen1966: biological control, distribution, host, 46-48
- Rosen1969: biological control, distribution, host, 45-53
- Rosen1979: biological control, distribution, host, 289-292
- RugmanFoGu2010: biological control, 266
- Rungs1970: distribution, economic importance, host, 91-94
- RzaevaYa1985: biological control, 55-58
- Saakya1964: distribution, host, life history, 268-296
- Saakya1965: biological control, life history, 112-173
- Salaza1999: control, 41
- SalazaSo1990: distribution, host, 137
- SanaeiAlYe2022: Wolbachia, 6
- Sander1906: catalog, 8,10
- Sander1909: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 436-438
- SangmaDaSi2015: distribution, natural enemies, 249-252
- Savesc1982: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 275-276
- Schimi1944: distribution, host, 268-269
- Schmut1952: distribution, host, life history, 552
- Schmut1952b: distribution, host, 18
- Schmut1955b: biological control, distribution, host, 518
- Schmut1957a: distribution, host, 133-140
- Schmut1964: distribution, host, 105-106
- Schmut1969: distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 106-108
- Schmut1990: distribution, economic importance, host, 192
- Schmut1990a: distribution, economic importance, host, 397
- Schmut2001: distribution, host, 339-345
- SchmutHo2016: distribution, host, illustration, 33, 83
- SchmutPiKl1978: distribution, economic importance, host, 329
- SchuhMo1948: biology, diagnosis, distribution, host, 36
- Seabra1941: distribution, host, 8
- Seljak2010: distribution, host, 104
- SengonUyKa1998: biological control, distribution, host, 128-131
- ShafeeYoKh1989: distribution, host, 51
- ShirazVaMi2013: distribution, host, 1382
- ShutovAnMu1985: biological control, distribution, 37
- Siddiq1966: distribution, economic importance, host, 4-5
- Siddiq1981: distribution, economic importance, host, 172-180
- Signor1869: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 856,859,860,863
- Signor1873a: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 398-401
- SilvadGoGa1968: biological control, catalog, distribution, host, 143
- Silves1921: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-11
- Simant1962a: biological control, distribution, host, 105-112
- Simant1973: economic importance,
- Simmon1957: catalog, distribution, host, 8
- Simmon1969a: biological control, 765-767
- SismanUl2010: distribution, host, 219-224
- SkaptsSmKu2017: entomopathogenic fungi,
- SmailiAbBo2013: biological control, 157
- Smith1958: chemical control, distribution, host, 335-338
- SmithBeBr1997: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 43-45
- SmithFl1950: biological control, 362,376,378
- SobiroQaTu2024: phylogeny, 199
- SobiroZoQa2024: distribution, host, 130
- Soroki1973: biological control, 599-609
- Stalaz2021: distribution, host, 472
- Steinw1930: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 562-563
- SternAdBe1976: biological control, 593
- Steyn1958: biological control, distribution, host, 589-594
- Stimme1976a: control, distribution, economic importance, host, taxonomy, 13-14
- Stimme1987: distribution, economic importance, host, 10-11
- Stinne1977: biological control, 515
- Su1982: distribution, 61
- Suh2020: distribution, host, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19, 22
- Suh2023: distribution, host, 4-5
- SuhBo2015: distribution, host, list, 2
- SuhSo2017: host, list of species, 3
- Suomal1962: life history, physiology, 352
- Sweetm1958: biological control, economic importance, 449-458
- SwirskWyIz2002: biological control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, taxonomy, 78-80
- SzitaFeBe2017: distribution, host, 468
- Szulcz1926: distribution, host, 137-143
- TabataLo2002: chemical control, 30
- Takaha1928: distribution, host, 341
- Takaha1929: distribution, host, 50-51
- Takaha1929a: distribution, host, 430
- Takaha1932a: distribution, host, 103
- Takaha1934: distribution, host, 36
- Takaha1942b: distribution, host, 16-17
- Takaha1942d: distribution, host, 353-354
- Takaha1950: distribution, host, 71
- Takaha1952: distribution, host, 14
- Talhou1975a: distribution, host, 409
- Tang1977: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 72-73
- Tang1984b: distribution, host, 126
- Tang1991: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 86-88
- TangLi1988: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 82-84,85
- Tao1978: distribution, host, 80-81
- Tao1989: catalog, distribution, host, 59
- Tao1999: distribution, host, taxonomy, 54
- TaoWoCh1983: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 65-66
- Targio1884: distribution, host, 398
- TenaNiHe2017: natural enemies,
- Teodor2018: distribution, history, host, 40, 50
- TerGri1954: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 63
- TerGri1966a: distribution, host, 373
- Terezn1981: distribution, host, taxonomy, 148-151
- Thro1903: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 206-209,211-212
- TorabiVaHo2010: distribution, host, 153-162
- TrabouBe1965: biological control, distribution, host, 1-13
- Treher1915: distribution, 35
- Trembl1988a: description, distribution, host, life history, taxonomy, 231-232
- TrenchTo2014: distribution, 68
- TrenchTrTo2010: distribution, host, 114-123
- Tuncyu1970a: distribution, economic importance, host, 67-80
- TurgutUl2007: ant association, 313
- Tyrell1896: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 267
- UedaQuIt2008: distribution, molecular data, phylogeny, taxonomy, 2319-2326
- Ulgent2001: biological control, distribution, host, 369-375
- Ulgent2001a: biological control, distribution, host, 145-149
- Ulgent2003: structure, 393-398
- UlgentCa2004: distribution, host, 79-84
- UlgentCaKa2004: distribution, economic importance, host, 101-102
- UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 483
- UlgentDo2019: distribution, host, 485
- UlgentErYa2022: distribution, host, S116
- UlgentOz2019: diagnosis, distribution, host, 77
- UlgentTo2001: distribution, host, 213-217
- UnalAyKa2016: honeydew, host, 104
- UsmanPu1955: distribution, host, 49
- UygunSeEr1998: distribution, host, 183-191
- Valemb1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 5-8
- Valent1963: biological control, 6-13
- Valent1967: biological control, 1100
- VanHarCoWi1990: distribution, host, 134
- Varshn1984a: distribution, host, 140-141
- Varshn1985a: catalog, distribution, host, taxonomy, 26
- Varshn1992: distribution, host, taxonomy, 84-85
- Varshn1994: distribution, host, 343
- VarshnMo1987: distribution, host, taxonomy, 174
- Vayssi1913: distribution, host, 430
- Vayssi1920: distribution, host, 258
- VayssiGrSi2020: ant association,
- Vea2011: phylogeny, structure, taxonomy, 5-7,12
- VeaGr2015: phylogeny, 64
- VeaGr2016: evolution, 4
- Vernal1953: distribution, host, 131-132
- Vicido2007: distribution, host, 1-7
- VieiraCaPi1983: distribution, host, 95-97
- Viggia1970a: distribution, economic importance, host, 47-55
- Viggia1980: biological control, 45-49
- VillanGaAh2021: distribution, economic importance, host,
- Vinson1977: biological control, chemistry, life history, 237-279
- WaageGr1986: biological control, 169-200
- Waite1986: distribution, host, 42
- WakuFo1984: structure, taxonomy, 303-322
- WalkerWaEv1974: distribution, host, 12
- WaltonKrSa2009: distribution, economic importance, host, 1-6
- Wang1980: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 27-29
- Wang1981TC: distribution, host, 288
- WangFe2012a: taxonomy, 61
- Watson2021: distribution, 521
- WatsonMuSh2014: distribution, host, 1595
- WatsonOoGi1995: distribution, host, 55
- Webber1897: biological control, chemical control, 53-58
- WeseloBa1971: biological control, chemistry, distribution, host, 1259-1264
- Westwo1840: taxonomy, 444
- Willia1985a: catalog, taxonomy, 225
- Willia1985c: distribution, host, 136
- Willia2001: distribution, 225-227
- Willia2007b: taxonomy, 444, 427-490
- Willia2010: distribution, host, 146
- Willia2013: distribution, host, 188
- Willia2015: taxonomy, 578, 579, 580, 581, 582
- Willia2017a: catalog, list of species, 209, 210, 211, 212, 214
- WilliaBe2009: catalog, taxonomy, 8,22,26,27,30,31,32
- WilliaBu1987: distribution, host, 93
- WilliaKo1972: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 55-62
- WilliaMa2009b: distribution, host, WilliaMa2009b
- WilliaMe2007: distribution, host, 132
- WilliaPa2012: taxonomy, 227-229
- WilliaWa1990: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 89-93
- Wise1977: distribution, host, 104
- WoglumBo1921: biological control, distribution, host, 1-43
- WoglumLaLa1947: biological control, chemical control, distribution, host, 818-820
- WolfEw1955: chemistry, honeydew, 365-372
- WongChCh1999: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 12,50
- Wood1962: biological distribution, distribution, 8-11
- Xie1998: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 65-67
- XieLiXu2010: anatomy, biological control, 66-75
- XieXuZh2006a: morphology, wax secretion, 21-112
- Yang1982: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 166,168,169,191
- YasnosTaCh2005: biological control, distribution, host, 229-302
- Zahrad1977: description, distribution, host, taxonomy, 118
- ZarkanApTu2021: distribution, host, 156
- ZettleZeRi2012: host, 127-134
- Zimmer1948: description, distribution, host, illustration, taxonomy, 301-306
- deLeonFoHa2006: molecular biology, molecular data, 109-119
- vanden2001a: biological control, chemical control, distribution, economic importance, host, life history, 165-167
